Metagenomic Analysis of the Buccal Microbiome by Nanopore Sequencing Reveals Structural Differences in the Microbiome of a Patient with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) Compared to a Healthy Child-Case Study.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative developmental defect that affects the enamel tissue of permanent molars and can also occur in permanent incisors. Enamel affected by MIH has reduced hardness, increased porosity, and a higher organic content than unaffected enamel. These characteristics predispose the enamel to accumulation of bacteria and a higher prevalence of caries lesions.

The Potential Association of CDKN2A and Ki-67 Proteins in View of the Selected Characteristics of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer worldwide. Not all mechanisms associated with cell cycle disturbances have been recognized in HNSCC. The aim of this study was to examine the concentration of CDKN2A and Ki-67 proteins in 54 tumor and margin samples of HNSCC and to evaluate their association with the clinical and demographic variables.

Evaluation of selected circulating cytokines from the IL-6 family - interleukin 6, oncostatin M, and cardiotrophin-1 - in gastro-entero-pancreatic and bronchial neuroendocrine tumours.

Introduction: The incidence of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) increased over the last years. Most of them are non-functioning, and the course of the disease is asymptomatic for a long time. This results in late diagnosis at an advanced stage.

Adipokines in Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Evaluation of the Serum Levels of Ghrelin and Leptin.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that are characteristically different from other malignancies. The difference is not only in the prognosis, which is usually more favorable in such patients, but also in the high clinical progression of the disease, where NET patients do not experience the cachexia typical of other malignancies. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the ghrelin and leptin levels in a group of patients diagnosed with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) and bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (BP-NETs) and to analyze the relationship between the body mass index (BMI), cachexia and selected NET markers.

Assessment of Concentration KRT6 Proteins in Tumor and Matching Surgical Margin from Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are one of the most frequently detected cancers in the world; not all mechanisms related to the expression of keratin in this type of cancer are known. The aim of this study was to evaluate type II cytokeratins (KRT): KRT6A, KRT6B, and KRT6C protein concentrations in 54 tumor and margin samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Moreover, we examined a possible association between protein concentration and the clinical and demographic variables.

The assessment of Dickkopf-1 and Dickkopf-2 protein concentration in different subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer subtypes.

Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and -2 (DKK-2) are important proteins for the regulated Wnt signalling pathway. Alternations in the Wnt pathway are associated with tumour progression.

Global DNA Methylation Level in Tumour and Margin Samples in Relation to Human Papilloma Virus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with Oropharyngeal and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Background: Aberrant DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification in cancers, including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, the analysis of methylation levels appears necessary to improve cancer therapy and prognosis.

Methods: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyse global DNA methylation levels in OPSCC and OSCC tumours and the margin samples after DNA isolation.

Molecular Detection of HPV, EBV, HSV-1, HCMV, and Pathogens: An Evaluation among Polish Children with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH).

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a congenital disorder of the enamel tissue, characterized by a quantitative deficiency. In childhood, infections such as EBV, HSV-1, HCMV, or may occur and cause various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HPV, EBV, HSV-1, HCMV, and infections in two groups of children: children with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and a control group, using molecular methods.

Transforming growth factors β and their signaling pathway in renal cell carcinoma and peritumoral space-transcriptome analysis.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to verify hypotheses: Are transforming growth factors TGFβ1-3, their receptors TGFβI-III, and intracellular messenger proteins Smad1-7 involved in the pathogenesis of kidney cancer? What is the expression of genes of the TGFβ/Smads pathway in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues, peritumoral tissues (TME; tumor microenvironment), and in normal kidney (NK) tissue?.

Methods: Twenty patients with RCC who underwent total nephrectomy were included into the molecular analysis. The mRNA expression of the genes was quantified by RT-qPCR.

The Analysis of Selected miRNAs and Target Gene Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

MiRNAs could play an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. The oncoprotein MDM2 (murine double minute 2) was identified as a negative regulator of the tumour suppressor p53. This study aims to analyse the expression of the target miRNA candidates (miR-3613-3p, miR-371b-5p and miR-3658) and the gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumour and margin samples and their association with the selected socio-demographic and clinicopathological characteristics.

Concentration of Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins (SFRPs) in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Subtypes-A Preliminary Study.

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer worldwide. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are important tumour suppressors and antagonists of the Wnt signalling pathway, which is linked with cancer development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of SFRP1, SFRP2, and SFRP5 proteins in tumour and non-tumour (NT) samples obtained from 65 patients with primary NSCLC.

Selected Parameters of Bone Turnover in Neuroendocrine Tumors-A Potential Clinical Use?

Background: Currently, there are no effective markers to diagnose and monitor patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aim of this study was to assess bone metabolism based on selected markers of bone turnover: OST, OPG, and IGFBP-3, in both the group of patients with NETs and the control group. Associations with selected sociodemographic, biochemical, and clinicopathological characteristics were examined.

Sequencing Analysis of and Gene Fragments in Patients with Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveals Novel Mutations: A Preliminary Study.

The growing incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) calls for better understanding of the mutational landscape of such cases. Mucins (MUCs) are multifunctional glycoproteins expressed by the epithelial cells and may be associated with the epithelial tumour invasion and progression. The present study aimed at the analysis of the sequence of selected and gene fragments in the tumour, as well as the margin, samples obtained from 18 OPSCC patients.

The Potential Association between E2F2, MDM2 and p16 Protein Concentration and Selected Sociodemographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2), murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p16 are some of the key proteins associated with the control of the cell cycle. The aim of this study was to evaluate E2F2, MDM2 and p16 concentrations in the tumour and margin samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma and to assess their association with some selected sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients.

Methods: The study group consisted of 73 patients.

Clinical Value of Circulating miRNA in Diagnosis, Prognosis, Screening and Monitoring Therapy of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-A Review of the Literature.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is considered to be the seventh most common cause of cancer-related deaths. The number of deaths caused by PC is estimated to increase in the future. An early diagnosis of PC is crucial for improving treatment outcomes.

Selected SNPs of Associated with Chronic Tonsillitis in the Polish Adult Population.

Chronic tonsillitis is a problem related to bacterial and viral infections. Ficolins play a key role in the defence against various pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the associations between the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the gene and chronic tonsillitis in the Polish population.

Evaluation of Malondialdehyde Level, Total Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and Oxidative Stress Index in Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Oxidative stress may play an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study included 94 adult patients with CRC (52 men and 42 women) and 26 hospitalized patients (12 men and 14 women) in whom CRC was excluded (control group). During hospitalization, blood serum samples were collected from both groups.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and mRNA Expression of in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent types of cancers worldwide. LTF arrests the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle. This study is the first that has aimed to determine the possible association between the polymorphisms (rs2073495, rs1126478, rs34827868, rs1042073, rs4637321, rs2239692 and rs10865941), the mRNA expression, the risk of OSCC and the influence on the TNM staging and histological grading.

ADAM10 and ADAM17 as Biomarkers Linked to Inflammation, Metabolic Disorders and Colorectal Cancer.

ADAM10 and ADAM17 have a role in inflammation and diseases associated with inflammation, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or cancer, e.g., colorectal cancer (CRC).

PCR Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, in Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis, and in Healthy Individuals.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus worldwide that is an etiologic agent in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Recent reports have shown the association of EBV with tumorigenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Moreover, EBV has been reported to be present in tonsillar tissues, which suggests a close relationship between viral infections and tonsillar diseases, including chronic tonsillitis.

Is Aberrant DNA Methylation a Key Factor in Molar Incisor Hypomineralization?

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative disturbance of the enamel of the permanent molars and/or incisors. Its etiology is not clearly defined but is connected with different factors occurring before and after birth. It remains difficult to identify a single factor or group of factors, and the problem is further complicated by various overlapping mechanisms.

Assessment of the Concentration of Endogenous Factors Regulating Angiogenesis, VASH-1 and VEGF-A, in the Blood Serum of Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) constitute about 2% of all malignant neoplasms, and the angiogenesis process in these tumors is still of a great interest. Vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) is an angiogenesis inhibitor, while vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is one of the main factors promoting vascular formation. The subject of this study was to assess serum concentration of these factors in patients with diagnosed NEN and in control group.