Multigenerational exposure of the estuarine sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) to 17 β-estradiol. I. organism-level effects over three generations.

A 280-d study examined the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on reproduction and development of the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) exposed from the parental (F0) through three subsequent (F1, F2, and F3) generations and evaluated the need for multigenerational assessments of the risks of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This first three-generation study exposed adult F0 and F1 fish to measured concentrations of 0.01, 0.

Detection of minute virus of mice using real time quantitative PCR in assessment of virus clearance during the purification of Mammalian cell substrate derived biotherapeutics.

A real time quantitative PCR assay has been developed for detecting minute virus of mice (MVM). This assay directly quantifies PCR product by monitoring the increase of fluorescence intensity emitted during enzymatic hydrolysis of an oligonucleotide probe labelled covalently with fluorescent reporting and quenching dyes via Taq polymerase 5'-->3' exonuclease activity. The quantity of MVM DNA molecules in the samples was determined using a known amount of MVM standard control DNA fragment cloned into a plasmid (pCR-MVM).