European-wide spatial analysis of sewage treatment plants and the possible benefits to nature of advanced treatment to reduce pharmaceutical emissions.

Pharmaceuticals are known to widely occur in the environment and to affect the health of ecosystems. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) are main emission pathways for pharmaceuticals, which are often not sufficiently removed during wastewater treatment. In Europe, STP treatment requirements are specified under the Urban WasteWater Treatment Directive (UWWTD).

Managing PMT/vPvM substances in consumer products through the concepts of essential-use and functional substitution: a case-study for cosmetics.

Measures are needed to protect water sources from substances that are mobile, persistent and toxic (PMT) or very persistent and very mobile (vPvM). PMT/vPvM substances are used in a diverse range of applications, including consumer products. The combined application of the essential-use and functional substitution concepts has been proposed to phase out substances of concern and support the transition to safer and more sustainable chemicals, a key goal of the European Commission's Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability.

ECORISK2050: An Innovative Training Network for predicting the effects of global change on the emission, fate, effects, and risks of chemicals in aquatic ecosystems.

By 2050, the global population is predicted to reach nine billion, with almost three quarters living in cities. The road to 2050 will be marked by changes in land use, climate, and the management of water and food across the world. These global changes (GCs) will likely affect the emissions, transport, and fate of chemicals, and thus the exposure of the natural environment to chemicals.

Safe and sustainable by design: A computer-based approach to redesign chemicals for reduced environmental hazards.

Persistency of chemicals in the environment is seen a pressing issue as it results in accumulation of chemicals over time. Persistent chemicals can be an asset in a well-functioning circular economy where products are more durable and can be reused or recycled. This objective can however not always be fulfilled as release of chemicals from products into the environment can be inherently coupled to their use.

The EU Green Deal's ambition for a toxic-free environment: Filling the gap for science-based policymaking.

Around the world, many ambitious environmental conventions and regulations have been implemented over recent decades. Despite this, the environment is still deteriorating. An increase in the volume and diversity of chemicals is one of the main drivers of this deterioration, of which biodiversity loss is a telling indicator.

Towards 'one substance - one assessment': An analysis of EU chemical registration and aquatic risk assessment frameworks.

With the Green Deal the EU aims to achieve a circular economy, restore biodiversity and reduce environmental pollution. As a part of the Green Deal a 'one-substance one-assessment' (OS-OA) approach for chemicals has been proposed. The registration and risk assessment of chemicals on the European market is currently fragmented across different legal frameworks, dependent on the chemical's use.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance lavandulylsenecioate.

The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State Italy for the pesticide active substance lavandulylsenecioateare reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council.The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses evaluated as a pheromone comprising manual applications to control Planococcusficus (vine mealybug) populations by mating disruption in table grape, wine grape, raisins and any other crops where may be a pest in Southern Europe.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment for the active substance sulfoxaflor in light of confirmatory data submitted.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessment carried out by the competent authority of the co-rapporteur Member State the Czech Republic for the pesticide active substance sulfoxaflor are reported. The context of the peer review was that requested by the European Commission following the submission and evaluation of confirmatory ecotoxicology data. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of sulfoxaflor as an insecticide on fruiting vegetables (field and greenhouse application), cucurbits (field and greenhouse application), spring and winter cereals (field application) and cotton (field application).

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance thiacloprid.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State the United Kingdom and co-rapporteur Member State Germany for the pesticide active substance thiacloprid are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of thiacloprid as an insecticide on oilseed rape foliar use and maize seed treatment.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance fenamiphos.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Greece and co-rapporteur Member State Cyprus for the pesticide active substance fenamiphos are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of fenamiphos as a nematicide in fruiting vegetables (i.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance strain WCS850.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Sweden and co-rapporteur Member State the Netherlands for the pesticide active substance strain WCS850 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of strain WCS850 as a fungicide on elm trees.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance propanil.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State Italy for the pesticide active substance propanil and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of propanil as a herbicide on rice.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment for the active substance bromoxynil in light of negligible exposure data submitted.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessment carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State France for the pesticide active substance bromoxynil are reported. The European Commission requested EFSA to conduct a peer review and provide its conclusions on whether exposure of humans to bromoxynil can be considered negligible, taking into account the European Commission's draft guidance on this topic. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of bromoxynil as a herbicide on maize and straw cereals.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance ()-1,3-dichloropropene.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, Spain, for the pesticide active substance ()1,3-dichloropropene are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of ()-1,3-dichloropropene as a nematicide in fruiting vegetables (tomato, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, zucchini, melon and watermelon).

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance clodinafop (variant evaluated clodinafop-propargyl).

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Greece and co-rapporteur Member State Germany for the pesticide active substance clodinafop-propargyl are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of clodinafop-propargyl as a herbicide on wheat, rye and triticale.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance napropamide-M.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State the United Kingdom for the pesticide active substance napropamide-M are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of napropamide-M as a herbicide on winter oilseed rape and brassica vegetable crops.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance dimethoate.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Italy and co-rapporteur Member State Bulgaria for the pesticide active substance dimethoate are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of dimethoate as insecticide on wheat and sugar beet.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance methiocarb.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State the United Kingdom and co-rapporteur Member State Germany for the pesticide active substance methiocarb are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of methiocarb as an insecticide and a bird repellent on maize.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment for the active substance flumioxazin in light of negligible exposure data submitted.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessment carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, Czech Republic, for the pesticide active substance flumioxazin are reported. The European Commission requested EFSA to conduct a peer review and provide its conclusions on whether exposure of humans to flumioxazin can be considered negligible, taking into account the European Commission's draft guidance on this topic. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of flumioxazin as a herbicide on winter wheat and sunflower (pre- and post-emergence).

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance ethoprophos.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Italy and co-rapporteur Member State Ireland for the pesticide active substance ethoprophos are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of ethoprophos as a nematicide and an insecticide on potatoes.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance ABE-IT 56 (components of lysate of strain DDSF623).

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, France, for the pesticide active substance ABE-IT 56 (components of lysate of strain DDSF623) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of ABE-IT 56 as a fungicide on grapes.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance sodium hydrogen carbonate.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State Austria for the pesticide active substance sodium hydrogen carbonate are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of sodium hydrogen carbonate as a fungicide on grapes.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance beta-cyfluthrin.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Germany and co-rapporteur Member State Hungary for the pesticide active substance beta-cyfluthrin are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of beta-cyfluthrin as an insecticide on beet, potato, wheat and greenhouse tomato.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance alpha-cypermethrin.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Belgium and co-rapporteur Member State Greece for the pesticide active substance alpha-cypermethrin are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of alpha-cypermethrin as an insecticide on cereals, winter oilseed rape, lettuces, leafy brassica and on cucumber and courgette in permanent glasshouses.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance cypermethrin.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Belgium and co-rapporteur Member State Germany for the pesticide active substance cypermethrin are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of cypermethrin as an insecticide on winter and spring cereals, winter and spring oilseed rape and potato.