Description of the new HIV-1 intersubtype B/C circulating recombinant form (CRF146_BC) detected in Brazil.

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infections in Brazil are predominantly caused by two subtypes, B and C.

Objectives: Here we present the characterisation of a novel HIV-1 recombinant form, indicating a new Brazilian CRF_BC, named CRF146_BC.

Methods: RDP, JphMM and Simplot recombination tools were used to evaluate the mosaic pattern.

Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of HIV-1 Subtype C in Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil.

HIV-1 subtype C is associated with more than half of infections in southern Brazil and has been increasing in other regions of the country. In a previous study carried out in northeastern Brazil, we found a prevalence of 4.1% of subtype C.

Tracing the relationship among HIV-1 sub-subtype F1 strains: a phylodynamic perspective.

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1, F1 sub-subtype (HIV-1 F1) circulates in three continents: Africa, Europe, and South America. In Brazil, this sub-subtype co-circulates with subtypes B and C and several recombinant forms, mainly BF1 variants.

Objectives: This study aimed to reconstruct the dynamic history of HIV-1 F1 in Brazil.

Dynamic Dispersion of HIV-1 Subtype C Toward Brazilian Northeastern Region.

The subtype C accounts for >50% of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infections worldwide and it is currently the predominant viral form in South Brazil. Subtype C has been reported in all Brazilian regions; however, the phylogenetic relationship among strains circulating in those regions still remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the origin and dynamic dispersion of HIV-1 subtype C toward Northeast Brazil.

HIVfird: A Tool for Detection of Resistance to Fusion Inhibitor Drugs in HIV-1 Sequences.

Fusion inhibitors are antiretroviral (ARV) drugs that prevent HIV-1 entry into host cells. Enfuvirtide (ENF) is the only ARV drug marketed in this class and, like other HIV drugs, it has been associated with the emergence and selection of therapeutic-resistant HIV-1 strains. The aims of this work were to develop a computational tool capable of identifying and classifying mutations associated with resistance to Enfuvirtide and to evaluate the prevalence of these mutations among the HIV-1 sequences deposited in public databases.

Short communication: phylodynamics analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gene in mother and child pairs.

Characterizing the impact of HIV transmission routes on viral genetic diversity can improve the understanding of the mechanisms of virus evolution and adaptation. HIV vertical transmission can occur in utero, during delivery, or while breastfeeding. The present study investigated the phylodynamics of the HIV-1 env gene in mother-to-child transmission by analyzing one chronically infected pair from Brazil and three acutely infected pairs from Zambia, with three to five time points.

Detection of distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 circulating recombinant forms in northeast Brazil.

The extraordinary genetic diversity and immune evasion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pose significant challenges for vaccine development and antiretroviral therapy efficacy. The objective of this study was to characterize the molecular profile of HIV-1 epidemic in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, determining the genetic subtypes and the presence of antiretroviral resistance mutations. HIV-1 pol DNA sequences from 57 individuals infected with HIV were obtained by PCR, followed by sequencing.

Lack of high-level resistance mutations in HIV type 1 BF recombinant strains circulating in northeast Brazil.

Abstract The genetic variability and the prevalence of drug resistance-associated mutations (DRAM) of HIV-1 isolates from 50 women and 8 children from Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil were investigated. DNA samples were obtained and pol sequences were generated by PCR and direct sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 39 (67.