Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm: New Insights Into Its Origin and Nomenclatures.

Background: Mucinous cells can be detected sporadically or may constitute the primary tumor component in salivary gland tumors, as observed in the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). This low-grade tumor is composed of mucinous columnar cells organized into papillary cystic structures. The present study aimed to compare the mucous cells in IPMN with mucous cells present in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and papillary cystadenoma (PC).

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 forest biomass estimates from Earth Observation.

Aboveground biomass density (AGBD) estimates from Earth Observation (EO) can be presented with the consistency standards mandated by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This article delivers AGBD estimates, in the format of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 values for natural forests, sourced from National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) and Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2), and European Space Agency's (ESA's) Climate Change Initiative (CCI). It also provides the underlying classification used by the IPCC as geospatial layers, delineating global forests by ecozones, continents and status (primary, young (≤20 years) and old secondary (>20 years)).

Unveiling Statins and Genetics in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Coimbra Eye Study-Report 9.

Purpose: To assess the association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression and statins, connected with AMD genetic risk, and if there is an interplay between statins and genetics.

Methods: In this analysis, 682 subjects made two visits (6.5-year follow-up) of the Coimbra Eye Study.

Principles in the Management of Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and common malignant primary brain tumour, is characterized by infiltrative growth, abundant vascularization, and aggressive clinical evolution. Patients with glioblastoma often face poor prognoses, with a median survival of approximately 15 months. Technological progress and the subsequent improvement in understanding the pathophysiology of these tumours have not translated into significant achievements in therapies or survival outcomes for patients.

Identification of Novel Molecular and Clinical Biomarkers of Survival in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients: A Study Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas Data.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent type of brain tumour; although advancements in treatment have been made, the median survival time for GBM patients has persisted at 15 months. This study is aimed at investigating the genetic alterations and clinical features of GBM patients to find predictors of survival. GBM patients' methylation and gene expression data along with clinical information from TCGA were retrieved.

Characterization of Plastic Scintillator Detector for In Vivo Dosimetry in Gynecologic Brachytherapy.

(1) Background: High dose gradients and manual steps in brachytherapy treatment procedures can lead to dose errors which make the use of in vivo dosimetry (IVD) highly recommended for verifying brachytherapy treatments. A new procedure was presented to obtain a calibration factor which allows fast and robust calibration of plastic scintillation detector (PSD) probes for the geometry of a compact phantom using Monte Carlo simulations. Additionally, characterization of PSD energy, angular, and temperature dependences was performed.

The Challenge of Somatic Variants in Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Objective: The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) enabled the detection of low-level brain somatic variants in postsurgical tissue of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). The genetic background of FCD Type I remains elusive, while the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway seems to have a relevant role in the pathogenesis of FCD Type II. Our goal was to uncover information on the molecular basis of FCD, performing whole genome sequencing (WGS) in postsurgical tissue to detect candidate brain-specific somatic variants, and evaluate their clinical significance.

Small supernumerary marker chromosomes derived from human chromosome 11.

With only 39 reported cases in the literature, carriers of a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 11 represent an extremely rare cytogenomic condition. Herein, we present a review of reported sSMC(11), add 18 previously unpublished cases, and closely review eight cases classified as 'centromere-near partial trisomy 11' and a further four suited cases from DECIPHER. Based on these data, we deduced the borders of the pericentric regions associated with clinical symptoms into a range of 2.

Transcriptomic remodeling of gastric cells by Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles.

Background: Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spontaneously released by Gram-negative bacteria and influence bacteria-host interactions by acting as a delivery system for bacterial components and by interacting directly with host cells. Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium that chronically colonizes the human stomach, also sheds OMVs, and their impact on bacterial-mediated diseases is still being elucidated.

Materials And Methods: Transcriptomic profiling of the human gastric cell line MKN74 upon challenge with H.

Exosomes modified with anti-MEK1 siRNA lead to an effective silencing of triple negative breast cancer cells.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogenous disease not sensitive to endocrine or HER2 therapy and standardized treatment regimens are still missing. Therefore, development of novel TNBC treatment approaches is of utmost relevance. Herein, the potential of MAPK/ERK downregulation by RNAi-based therapeutics in a panel of mesenchymal stem-like TNBC cell lines was uncovered.

From Dizziness and Hearing Loss to Coma: A Case of Basilar Artery Occlusion.

Basilar artery (BA) occlusion is a rare and devastating cause of ischemic stroke. Presenting symptoms are frequently non-specific and include dizziness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, headache, and, rarely, hypoacusis. Clinical history and appropriate neurological evaluation are essential for diagnosis.

Interaction between genetics and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet: the risk for age-related macular degeneration. Coimbra Eye Study Report 8.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial degenerative disease of the macula. Different factors, environmental, genetic and lifestyle, contribute to its onset and progression. However, how they interconnect to promote the disease, or its progression, is still unclear.

Toward a roadmap for space-based observations of the land sector for the UNFCCC global stocktake.

Space-based remote sensing can make an important contribution toward monitoring greenhouse gas emissions and removals from the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector, and to understanding and addressing human-caused climate change through the UNFCCC Paris Agreement. Space agencies have begun to coordinate their efforts to identify needs, collect and harmonize available data and efforts, and plan and maintain a long-term roadmap for observations. International cooperation is crucial in developing and realizing the roadmap, and the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) is a key coordinating driver of this effort.

Aerobic exercise improves central blood pressure and blood pressure variability among patients with resistant hypertension: results of the EnRicH trial.

Central blood pressure (BP) and BP variability are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. However, the influence of exercise on these hemodynamic parameters is unknown among patients with resistant hypertension. The EnRicH (The Exercise Training in the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension) was a prospective, single-blinded randomized clinical trial (NCT03090529).

Alvespimycin Inhibits Heat Shock Protein 90 and Overcomes Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines.

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) facilitates folding and stability and prevents the degradation of multiple client proteins. One of these HSP90 clients is BCR-ABL, the oncoprotein characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and the target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib. Alvespimycin is an HSP90 inhibitor with better pharmacokinetic properties and fewer side effects than other similar drugs, but its role in overcoming imatinib resistance is not yet clarified.

Dopaminergic Gene Dosage Reveals Distinct Biological Partitions between Autism and Developmental Delay as Revealed by Complex Network Analysis and Machine Learning Approaches.

The neurobiological mechanisms underlying Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) remains controversial. One factor contributing to this debate is the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in ASD, which suggests that multiple system disruptions may contribute to diverse patterns of impairment which have been reported between and within study samples. Here, we used SFARI data to address genetic imbalances affecting the dopaminergic system.

Common and rare genetic risk variants in age-related macular degeneration and genetic risk score in the Coimbra eye study.

Purpose: To determine the contribution of common and rare genetic variants in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Portuguese population from the Coimbra Eye Study (CES), and the genetic risk score (GRS).

Methods: Participants underwent ophthalmologic examination and imaging. A centralized reading centre performed AMD staging.

Integrated Multi-Omics Signature Predicts Survival in Head and Neck Cancer.

Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) is characterized by phenotypic, biological, and clinical heterogeneity. Despite treatment modalities, approximately half of all patients will die of the disease. Several molecular biomarkers have been investigated, but until now, without clinical translation.

The landscape of common genetic drivers and DNA methylation in low-grade (epilepsy-associated) neuroepithelial tumors: A review.

Low-grade neuroepithelial tumors (LNETs) represent an important group of central nervous system neoplasms, some of which may be associated to epilepsy. The concept of long-term epilepsy-associated tumors (LEATs) includes a heterogenous group of low-grade, cortically based tumors, associated to drug-resistant epilepsy, often requiring surgical treatment. LEATs entities can sometimes be poorly discriminated by histological features, precluding a confident classification in the absence of additional diagnostic tools.

In Vivo Verification of Treatment Source Dwell Times in Brachytherapy of Postoperative Endometrial Carcinoma: A Feasibility Study.

(1) Background: In brachytherapy, there are still many manual procedures that can cause adverse events which can be detected with in vivo dosimetry systems. Plastic scintillator dosimeters (PSD) have interesting properties to achieve this objective such as real-time reading, linearity, repeatability, and small size to fit inside brachytherapy catheters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a PSD in postoperative endometrial brachytherapy in terms of source dwell time accuracy.

Nucleolin Overexpression Predicts Patient Prognosis While Providing a Framework for Targeted Therapeutic Intervention in Lung Cancer.

Notwithstanding the advances in the treatment of lung cancer with immune checkpoint inhibitors, the high percentage of non-responders supports the development of novel anticancer treatments. Herein, the expression of the onco-target nucleolin in patient-derived pulmonary carcinomas was characterized, along with the assessment of its potential as a therapeutic target. The clinical prognostic value of nucleolin for human pulmonary carcinomas was evaluated through data mining from the Cancer Genome Atlas project and immunohistochemical detection in human samples.

Acute effects of dapagliflozin on renal oxygenation and perfusion in type 1 diabetes with albuminuria: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.

Background: Inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease, possibly by reducing the proximal tubule transport workload with subsequent improvement of renal oxygenation. We aimed to test this hypothesis in individuals with type 1 diabetes and albuminuria.

Methods: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with a single 50 mg dose of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin and placebo in random order, separated by a two-week washout period.

Effect of Exercise Training on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Among Patients With Resistant Hypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Limited evidence suggests exercise reduces blood pressure (BP) in individuals with resistant hypertension, a clinical population with low responsiveness to drug therapy.

Objective: To determine whether an aerobic exercise training intervention reduces ambulatory BP among patients with resistant hypertension.

Design, Settings, And Participants: The Exercise Training in the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension (EnRicH) trial is a prospective, 2-center, single-blinded randomized clinical trial performed at 2 hospital centers in Portugal from March 2017 to December 2019.

The Enhanced Efficacy of Intracellular Delivery of Doxorubicin/C6-Ceramide Combination Mediated by the F3 Peptide/Nucleolin System Is Supported by the Downregulation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway.

Targeting multiple cellular populations is of high therapeutic relevance for the tackling of solid tumors heterogeneity. Herein, the ability of pegylated and pH-sensitive liposomes, functionalized with the nucleolin-binding F3 peptide and containing doxorubicin (DXR)/C6-ceramide synergistic combination, to target, in vitro, ovarian cancer, including ovarian cancer stem cells (CSC), was assessed. The underlying molecular mechanism of action of the nucleolin-mediated intracellular delivery of C6-ceramide to cancer cells was also explored.