On-Demand Nanoliter Sampling Probe for the Collection of Brain Fluid.

Continuous fluidic sampling systems allow collection of brain biomarkers . Here, we propose a new sequential and intermittent sampling paradigm using droplets, called Droplet on Demand (DoD). It is implemented in a microfabricated neural probe and alternates phases of analyte removal from the tissue and phases of equilibration of the concentration in the tissue.

In-flow electrochemical detection of chemicals in droplets with pyrolysed photoresist electrodes: application as a module for quantification of microsampled dopamine.

The electrochemical quantification of analytes in droplets of PBS separated by a fluorinated phase was investigated. PDMS-fused silica chips with pyrolysed photoresist electrodes were prepared using a simple fabrication technique and used to analyze droplets in flow. Potentiostatic chronoamperometry provided current readouts consistent with mass transport and the concentration inside the droplets.

Predictors of pleural malignancy in patients with pleural effusion undergoing thoracoscopy.

Study Objectives: Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy is highly accurate in the diagnosis of pleural malignancy. However, no scientific evidence is currently available to guide the physician's decision as to when and in which patients with pleural effusion thoracoscopy is indicated. The application of predictive criteria of malignancy might improve the indication of thoracoscopy in patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion.