Aeromedical Risk of Migraine.

Migraine is a common condition that can carry considerable risk to aeromedical duties. Because randomized controlled trials are not an appropriate method to evaluate flight safety risk for medical conditions that may cause subtle or sudden incapacitation, the determination of fitness-to-fly must be based on risk assessments informed by extrapolated evidence. Therefore, we conducted a review of current literature to provide background information to inform the aeromedical risk assessment of migraine using a risk matrix approach.

Rare diseases and space health: optimizing synergies from scientific questions to care.

Knowledge transfer among research disciplines can lead to substantial research progress. At first glance, astronaut health and rare diseases may be seen as having little common ground for such an exchange. However, deleterious health conditions linked to human space exploration may well be considered as a narrow sub-category of rare diseases.

Persistent and Emergent Clinical Sequelae of Mild COVID-19.

Knowledge of the clinical course and consequences of COVID-19 initially evolved in the context of severe presentations and among those with comorbidities. However, understanding the outcomes of milder infections in healthy individuals is important for safe return-to-duty in extreme environments or to occupations requiring significant fitness. We reviewed the literature to characterize the nature and timing of persistent and emergent clinical sequelae in milder COVID-19 cases to facilitate development of post-COVID-19 screening and surveillance protocols.

Systems modeling of space medical support architecture: topological mapping of high level characteristics and constraints.

The challenges associated with providing medical support to astronauts on long duration lunar or planetary missions are significant. Experience to date in space has included short duration missions to the lunar surface and both short and long duration stays on board spacecraft and space stations in low Earth orbit. Live actor, terrestrial analogue setting simulation provides a means of studying multiple aspects of the medical challenges of exploration class space missions, though few if any published models exist upon which to construct systems-simulation test beds.

Can I take a space flight? Considerations for doctors.

Commercial investment is bringing space tourism closer to reality. Marlene Grenon and colleagues: outline what doctors will need to know.

Surgery in Space: Where are we at now?

In the coming decades, as we continue our path of space exploration beyond Earth's orbit, we will be required to provide sound medical and surgical care for the safety of space travellers and space flight participants. A few investigations have taken place in the field of surgery in space. In this paper, the authors review the present literature in order to identify possible limitations that currently exist and that could impair our ability to provide surgical care during spaceflight, from the pre-operative to the post-operative period.

Challenges in aerospace medicine education.

Aerospace medicine training and research represents a dream for many and a challenge for most. In Canada, although some opportunities exist for the pursuit of education and research in the aerospace medicine field, they are limited despite the importance of this field for enabling safe human space exploration. In this commentary, we aim to identify some of the challenges facing individuals wishing to get involved in the field as well as the causal factors for these challenges.

Radar plots: a useful way for presenting multivariate health care data.

Objective: Health care researchers have not taken full advantage of the potential to effectively convey meaning in their multivariate data through graphical presentation. The aim of this paper is to translate knowledge from the fields of analytical chemistry, toxicology, and marketing research to the field of medicine by introducing the radar plot, a useful graphical display method for multivariate data.

Study Design And Setting: Descriptive study based on literature review.

A systematic review of contact dermatitis treatment and prevention.

Background: Contact dermatitis (CD) is a common occupational disease. There have been no systematic reviews of CD treatment or prevention.

Methods: Multiple databases were systematically searched.

The Bellagio Report: Cardiovascular risks of spaceflight: implications for the future of space travel.

Background: Long-duration space missions, as well as emerging civilian tourist space travel activities, prompted review and assessment of data available to date focusing on cardiovascular risk and available risk mitigation strategies. The goal was the creation of tools for risk priority assessments taking into account the probability of the occurrence of an adverse cardiovascular event and available and published literature from spaceflight data as well as available risk mitigation strategies.

Methods: An international group of scientists convened in Bellagio, Italy, in 2004 under the auspices of the Aerospace Medical Association to review available literature for cardiac risks identified in the Bioastronautics Critical Path Roadmap (versions 2000, 2004).

CASH 2021: commercial access and space habitation.

Issues about commercialization of space have been a growing concern in the past decade for the space community. This paper focuses on the work from a team of 51 students attending the Summer Session Program of the International Space University in Bremen, Germany. CASH 2021 (Commercial Access and Space Habitation) documents a plan that identifies commercial opportunities for space utilization that will extend human presence in space, and will chart the way forward for the next 20 years.

Changes in rates of natural rubber latex sensitivity among dental school students and staff members after changes in latex gloves.

Background: A high rate of sensitization and clinical allergy to natural rubber latex (NRL) gloves has been reported in dental students and staff members.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a change in glove use from high-protein/powdered to low-protein/powder-free latex gloves at a previously surveyed dental school reduced the prevalence of NRL sensitivity among students and staff members.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed through use of a questionnaire and skin prick testing to low ammoniated NRL extract; the method was similar to that used in a study conducted in 1995.