Effectiveness and safety of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in patients over 65 years: a real-life multicentre analysis of 162 patients.

Background: Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies have shown notable effectiveness and tolerability in migraine patients; however, data on their use in elderly patients is still lacking, as clinical trials have implicit age restrictions and real-world evidence is scarce. In this study, we aimed to describe the safety and effectiveness of erenumab, galcanezumab and fremanezumab in migraine patients over 65 years old in real-life.

Methods: In this observational real-life study, a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 18 different headache units in Spain was performed.

Oral lacosamide for the treatment of refractory trigeminal neuralgia: A retrospective analysis of 86 cases.

Background And Objectives: First-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is limited to carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, and in refractory cases, alternatives are scarce. Lacosamide has been suggested as a valid option. In this study, we describe a series of patients who received oral lacosamide as treatment for TN after first-line drug failure.

Molecular phenomics of a high-calorie diet-induced porcine model of prepubertal obesity.

As obesity incidence is alarmingly rising among young individuals, we aimed to characterize an experimental model of this situation, considering the similarity between human and porcine physiology. For this reason, we fed prepubertal (63 days old) Duroc breed females (n=21) either with a standard growth diet (3800 kcal/day) or one with a high-calorie content (5200 kcal/day) during 70 days. Computerized tomography, mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics and lipidomics, as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cell transcriptomics, were applied to define traits linked to high-calorie intake.

Retinal findings in pediatric patients with Usher syndrome Type 1 due to mutations in MYO7A gene.

Purpose: To describe retinal alterations detected by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in paediatric patients with Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) and to compare these findings to previously published reports.

Methods: Thirty-two eyes from 16 patients (11 males and 5 females) with a genetic diagnosis of USH1 because of MYO7A mutations underwent SS-OCT. Patients ranged in age from 4 to 17 years (mean, 11,13 ± 4,29).

Intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma. Challenges of a prospective study.

Purpose: To report the efficacy and complications of intra-ophthalmic artery melphalan (IAM) for treatment of patients with advanced intra-ocular retinoblastoma.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed, unilateral, group D retinoblastoma were included in a phase II protocol. Children with relapsed-refractory disease after systemic chemoreduction were later treated under the same guidelines.

Plant-derived phenolics inhibit the accrual of structurally characterised protein and lipid oxidative modifications.

Epidemiological data suggest that plant-derived phenolics beneficial effects include an inhibition of LDL oxidation. After applying a screening method based on 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine-protein carbonyl reaction to 21 different plant-derived phenolic acids, we selected the most antioxidant ones. Their effect was assessed in 5 different oxidation systems, as well as in other model proteins.

Cellular dysfunction in diabetes as maladaptive response to mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in diabetes long-term complications. In this paper, we summarize the growing evidence suggesting that hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide by mitochondrial electron transport chain triggers a maladaptive response by affecting several metabolic and signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of cellular dysfunction and diabetic complications. In particular, it is our goal to describe physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial free radical production and regulation to explain the oxidative stress derived from a high intracellular glucose concentration and the resulting maladaptive response that leads to a cellular dysfunction and pathological state.

Solitary orbital myofibroma: clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings. A report of two cases.

This describes a non-interventional case series of 2 patients, aged 7 and 9 years referred to Oculoplastic Unit, both for evaluation of a gradually enlarging, painless, mass of the cheek. CT scan of the first case revealed left orbital floor destruction from a well-defined intraosseous mass. The second was a round circumscribed orbital floor tumor without bone destruction.

Multicompartmental LC-Q-TOF-based metabonomics as an exploratory tool to identify novel pathways affected by polyphenol-rich diets in mice.

Metabonomics has recently been used to study the physiological response to a given nutritional intervention, but such studies have usually been restricted to changes in either plasma or urine. In the present study, we demonstrate that the use of LC-Q-TOF-based metabolome analyses (foodstuff, plasma, urine, and caecal content metabolomes) in mice offer higher order information, including intra- and intercompartment relationships. To illustrate this, we performed an intervention study with three different phenolic-rich extracts in mice over 3 weeks.

Proteins in human brain cortex are modified by oxidation, glycoxidation, and lipoxidation. Effects of Alzheimer disease and identification of lipoxidation targets.

Diverse oxidative pathways, such as direct oxidation of amino acids, glycoxidation, and lipoxidation could contribute to Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. A global survey for the amount of structurally characterized probes for these reactions is lacking and could overcome the lack of specificity derived from measurement of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reactive carbonyls. Consequently we analyzed (i) the presence and concentrations of glutamic and aminoadipic semialdehydes, N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)-lysine, N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)-lysine, and N(epsilon)-(malondialdehyde)-lysine by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, (ii) the biological response through expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products, (iii) the fatty acid composition in brain samples from Alzheimer disease patients and age-matched controls, and (iv) the targets of N(epsilon)-(malondialdehyde)-lysine formation in brain cortex by proteomic techniques.

Chemical and immunological characterization of oxidative nonenzymatic protein modifications in dialysis fluids.

Background: Glucose degradation products (GDP) in dialysis fluids may induce nonenzymatic protein modifications, the chemical nature and biological properties of which should be better defined.

Aims: To characterize nonenzymatic protein modifications present in glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) and to evaluate the relationship between concentrations of GDP and the derived nonenzymatic modifications, and the potential of PDF for generating these modifications in vitro.

Methods: The presence, distribution, and content of several nonenzymatic protein modifications in PDF were evaluated by immunological methods, by HPLC, and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

Advanced glycation end product precursors impair epidermal growth factor receptor signaling.

Formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is considered a potential link between hyperglycemia and chronic diabetic complications, including disturbances in cell signaling. It was hypothesized that AGEs alter cell signaling by interfering with growth factor receptors. Therefore, we studied the effects of two AGE precursors, glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO), on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in cultured cells.