Relationship between adiponectin and ambulatory blood pressure in obese adolescents.

Obesity is associated with elevated blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance, and altered plasma adiponectin levels; the relationship between the biochemical features of obesity and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (24-h ABP) parameters in adolescents remains unknown. Anthropometric measurements and 24-h ABP monitoring were obtained on 41 obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Serum adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid profile, insulin, fasting glucose, liver enzymes, Hb A1c (HbA1c), and two random urine samples were obtained for creatinine and microalbumin measurements.

The frequency of elevated blood pressure in obese minority youth.

In this study, 167 obese persons were recruited (45 African Americans, 122 Caribbean Hispanic persons), with a mean age of 14.6+/-2.1 years, a mean body mass index (BMI) of 38+/-7.

Criteria for oral glucose tolerance testing of obese minority youth.

Aim: To identify those obese minority youth at greatest risk for having an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) indicating impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).

Study Design And Methods: 167 children, who met the ADA criteria for T2DM screening, underwent an OGTT. Logistic regression models were derived for girls, boys, and both.

Current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome in youth.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in reproductive-age women. It often presents during late adolescence but in some cases certain features are evident even before menarche. PCOS is a spectrum of disorders with any combination of oligo/anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical evidence of androgen excess, obesity, insulin resistance and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound.

Prevalence of retinopathy and microalbuminuria in pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: There has been a dramatic rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in the US pediatric population, yet the presence of retinopathy and microalbuminuria in this cohort has not yet been described.

Aim: To assess the presence of retinopathy and microalbuminuria in a cohort of predominantly minority adolescents (African American and Caribbean Hispanic) with DM2.

Patients And Methods: Forty pediatric patients with DM2 were examined between July, 2001 and June, 2003 for the presence of retinopathy.

Prediction models for insulin resistance in girls with premature adrenarche. The premature adrenarche insulin resistance score: PAIR score.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop an accurate regression model to predict insulin resistance in girls with premature adrenarche.

Methods: The insulin sensitivity index was calculated from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test with tolbutamide. Thirty-five prepubertal girls (23 Caribbean-Hispanic and 12 African-American; mean age 6.

Microalbuminuria and abnormal ambulatory blood pressure in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To determine whether risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetic nephropathy, as evidenced by abnormalities of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP), dyslipidemia, and microalbuminuria (MA), are present in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Study Design: We enrolled 26 minority adolescents recently diagnosed with T2DM and 13 obese control subjects without diabetes mellitus. ABP monitoring was performed, and a 24-hour urine, a fasting lipid profile, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, homocysteine, and hemoglobin A 1 c levels were obtained.

Presentation and 5-year follow-up of type 2 diabetes mellitus in African-American and Caribbean-Hispanic adolescents.

Objective: We report the presentation and 5-year follow-up of 89 African-American (AA) and Caribbean-Hispanic (CH) youths with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) followed at the Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y., USA, from 1990 to 2000.

Assessing insulin resistance: application of a fasting glucose to insulin ratio in growth hormone-treated children.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore simple measures of IR have been proposed to screen the at-risk patient. A fasting serum glucose (mg/dl) to plasma insulin (microU/ml) ratio (FGIR) of < 7 was recently suggested as a screening tool for IR in certain pediatric patients.