African Multi-Site 2-Year Neuropsychological Study of School-Age Children Perinatally Infected, Exposed, and Unexposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background: Children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at neuropsychological risk for cognitive and motor dysfunction. However, few prospective, multi-site studies have evaluated neuropsychological outcomes longitudinally among perinatally infected African children who received early antiretroviral treatment (ART).

Methods: We enrolled 611 children aged 5 to 11 years at 6 sites (South Africa [3], Zimbabwe, Malawi, Uganda).

High Incidence of Tuberculosis Infection in HIV-exposed Children Exiting an Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Trial.

Young HIV-exposed children are at high risk for TB infection. We performed QuantiFERON-TB Gold among HIV-exposed children in South Africa at enrolment and 1-year follow-up. The incidence of TB infection was high for HIV+ (11 cases per 100 child-years) and HIV-exposed uninfected children (15 cases per 100 child-years).

Neuropsychological performance in African children with HIV enrolled in a multisite antiretroviral clinical trial.

Objective And Design: Children with HIV infection (HIV+) are at neuropsychological risk, but few studies have evaluated this at multiple sites in low-income and middle-income countries. We compared neuropsychological outcomes at enrollment (>5 years age) among HIV+, HIV perinatally exposed uninfected (HEU), and HIV unexposed uninfected (HUU) children from four sub-Saharan countries.

Methods: IMPAACT P1060 compared nevirapine versus lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV-infected children 6-35 months of age.