Do Existing MRI Definitions of Knee Osteoarthritis Identify Knees That Will Develop Clinically Significant Disease Over Up To 11 Years of Follow-Up?

Objective: In individuals without radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA), we investigated whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined knee OA at baseline was associated with incident radiographic and symptomatic disease during up to 11 years of follow-up.

Methods: Osteoarthritis Initiative participants without tibiofemoral radiographic knee OA at baseline were assessed for MRI-based tibiofemoral cartilage damage, osteophyte presence, bone marrow lesions, and meniscal damage/extrusion. We defined MRI knee OA using alternative, reported definitions (Def A and Def B).

The Natural History of Knee Osteoarthritis Pain Experience and Risk Profiles.

The study aimed to characterize the natural history of the pain experience, concurrently considering intermittent and constant pain over 4 years, and determine baseline factors associated with unfavorable trajectories in individuals with chronic knee pain. The Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) is a prospective, observational study of people with or at higher risk for knee osteoarthritis. The Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP) was assessed annually at 48-to-96-month OAI visits.

Pembrolizumab Added to Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Etoposide Chemotherapy for Relapsed or Refractory Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Multi-institutional Phase 2 Investigator-Initiated Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: To our knowledge, this is the first clinical trial designed to investigate concurrent treatment with a checkpoint inhibitor and conventional chemotherapy in relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma in patients destined for an autologous stem cell transplant.

Objective: To evaluate the complete response rate as assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) after salvage therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A single-group, phase 2, multi-institutional nonrandomized clinical trial to evaluate the addition of pembrolizumab to ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy was conducted from April 20, 2017, to October 29, 2020, at 5 US sites.

Ambulatory support moment contribution patterns and MRI-detected tibiofemoral and patellofemoral disease worsening in adults with knee osteoarthritis: A preliminary study.

We investigated whether baseline sagittal-plane ankle, knee, and hip contribution to the total support moment (TSM) are each associated with baseline-to-2-year tibiofemoral and patellofemoral tissue damage worsening in adults with knee osteoarthritis. Ambulatory lower-limb kinetics were captured and computed. TSM is the sum of ankle, knee, and hip extensor moments at each instant during gait.

Sequential pembrolizumab and AVD are highly effective at any PD-L1 expression level in untreated Hodgkin lymphoma.

In a multicenter, phase 2, investigator-initiated trial of sequential pembrolizumab and AVD (doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine), nearly two-thirds of patients with untreated, unfavorable, or advanced-stage classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) achieved positron emission tomography (PET)-defined, complete or near-complete metabolic responses (CMRs), following pembrolizumab monotherapy. Furthermore, all patients achieved CMR after 2 cycles of AVD, with 100% of patients alive and without relapse at initial publication. We now report long-term follow-up, including the 3-year overall survival (OS) and planned correlative analyses.

Use of Popular Opinion Leader Models to Disseminate Information About Clinical Trials to Black Individuals With Lupus in Two US Cities.

Objective: Clinical trials for systemic lupus erythematosus ("lupus") under enroll Black individuals despite higher disease prevalence, morbidity, and mortality among Black compared to White individuals. To begin to address this disparity, we leveraged community-academic partnerships in 2 US cities (Boston and Chicago) to train popular opinion leaders (POLs) to disseminate information about clinical trials in predominantly Black communities.

Methods: The team of community and academic partners collaboratively developed a 5-module curriculum about clinical trials, barriers, facilitators, and structural racism in research.

Motivational interviewing intervention for increasing physical activity and improving dietary behaviors: The Lupus Intervention Fatigue Trial protocol.

The Lupus Intervention Fatigue Trial (LIFT) is a prospective, randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a six-month motivational interviewing intervention program versus an educational control to reduce fatigue in persons with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Participants are randomized using a stratified, 1:1 allocation design to the LIFT intervention or control arm. We plan to enroll 236 participants to achieve the target of 200 persons with six-month follow-up for the primary endpoint.

Knee Confidence Trajectories Over Eight Years and Factors Associated With Poor Trajectories in Individuals With or at Risk for Knee Osteoarthritis.

Objective: To identify distinct trajectories of lack of knee confidence over an 8-year follow-up period and to examine baseline factors associated with poor trajectories in individuals with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: The Osteoarthritis Initiative is a prospective cohort study of individuals with or at high risk for knee OA. Confidence in the knees was assessed within the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score instrument querying how much the individual is troubled by lack of confidence in his/her knee(s), rated as not-at-all (score = 0), mildly (score = 1), moderately (score = 2), severely (score = 3), and extremely (score = 4) troubled, reported annually from baseline to 96 months.

Comprehensive evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with severe COVID-19 and correlation with clinical outcomes.

Information on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with COVID-19 is limited, and clinical correlation has not been reported. This study investigated the key features of BAL fluids from COVID-19 patients and assessed their clinical significance. A total of 320 BAL samples from 83 COVID-19 patients and 70 non-COVID-19 patients (27 patients with other respiratory viral infections) were evaluated, including cell count/differential, morphology, flow cytometric immunophenotyping, and immunohistochemistry.

Pembrolizumab followed by AVD in untreated early unfavorable and advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

Pembrolizumab, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death-1 protein, has demonstrated efficacy in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). To assess the complete metabolic response (CMR) rate and safety of pembrolizumab monotherapy in newly diagnosed cHL, we conducted a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 investigator-initiated trial of sequential pembrolizumab and doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD) chemotherapy. Patients ≥18 years of age with untreated, early, unfavorable, or advanced-stage disease were eligible for treatment.

Association of Long-term Strenuous Physical Activity and Extensive Sitting With Incident Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis.

Importance: Persons with knee symptoms recognize the health benefits of engaging in physical activity, but uncertainty persists about whether regular strenuous physical activity or exercise can accelerate tissue damage. A sedentary lifestyle of inactivity or underloading may also be associated with deleterious joint health.

Objective: To establish whether long-term strenuous physical activity participation and extensive sitting behavior are each associated with increased risk of developing radiographic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in individuals at high risk for the disease.

Development and validation of risk stratification trees for incident slow gait speed in persons at high risk for knee osteoarthritis.

Objectives: Disability prevention strategies are more achievable before osteoarthritis disease drives impairment. It is critical to identify high-risk groups, for strategy implementation and trial eligibility. An established measure, gait speed is associated with disability and mortality.

Parenting Desires Among Individuals Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States.

Background: In 1988, 1 of 3 women (W) and heterosexual men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reported wanting children, but little is known about parenting desires of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. We examined parenting desires among persons initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: Of 1809 participants in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study 5257, 1425 W aged ≤45 years or men completed questionnaires about parenting desires at baseline and 96 weeks after initiating ART.

Addressing Lupus Health Disparities: The MONARCAS Community and Academic Collaborative Program.

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Popular Opinion Leader (POL) model was implemented in a lupus education program (MONARCAS) for the Latino community. The program aim was to increase lupus awareness by training high school students, community health workers, and parents. A curriculum was developed training POLs to disseminate concepts about lupus signs and symptoms.

Serum adipokine levels and associations with patient-reported fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Physical activity ameliorates fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients by an unknown mechanism. Adipokines, which are influenced by adiposity and physical activity, may be associated with patient-reported fatigue. We describe cross-sectional associations between adipokines and fatigue, physical activity, and SLE disease activity.

Varus Thrust and Incident and Progressive Knee Osteoarthritis.

Objective: To determine if varus thrust, a bowing out of the knee during gait (i.e., the first appearance or worsening of varus alignment during stance), is associated with incident and progressive knee osteoarthritis (OA), we undertook an Osteoarthritis Initiative ancillary study.

Superior turbinate eosinophilia correlates with olfactory deficit in chronic rhinosinusitis patients.

Objective: To evaluate if molecular markers of eosinophilia in olfactory-enriched mucosa are associated with olfactory dysfunction.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study of tissue biopsies from 99 patients, and an additional 30 patients who underwent prospective olfactory testing prior to sinonasal procedures.

Methods: Tissue biopsies were processed for analysis of inflammatory markers using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction in the HIV Outpatient Study.

Background:  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction tools are often applied to populations beyond those in which they were designed when validated tools for specific subpopulations are unavailable.

Methods:  Using data from 2283 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults aged ≥18 years, who were active in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), we assessed performance of 3 commonly used CVD prediction models developed for general populations: Framingham general cardiovascular Risk Score (FRS), American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort equations (PCEs), and Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) high-risk equation, and 1 model developed in HIV-infected persons: the Data Collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study equation. C-statistics assessed model discrimination and the ratio of expected to observed events (E/O) and Hosmer-Lemeshow χ P value assessed calibration.

A Matter of Perspective: Comparison of the Characteristics of Persons with HIV Infection in the United States from the HIV Outpatient Study, Medical Monitoring Project, and National HIV Surveillance System.

Comparative analyses of the characteristics of persons living with HIV infection (PLWH) in the United States (US) captured in surveillance and other observational databases are few. To explore potential joint data use to guide HIV treatment and prevention in the US, we examined three CDC-funded data sources in 2012: the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), a multisite longitudinal cohort; the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP), a probability sample of PLWH receiving medical care; and the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS), a surveillance system of all PLWH. Overall, data from 1,697 HOPS, 4,901 MMP, and 865,102 NHSS PLWH were analyzed.

Multinucleation is an objective feature useful in the diagnosis of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ.

Objectives: Bi- and multinucleated (B/M) cells are present in a variety of tumors. We evaluated lobular carcinoma in situ (classic and pleomorphic types) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to determine if this objective morphologic feature aids the differential diagnosis.

Methods: The number of B/M cells was recorded in pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS) (n = 20), classic lobular carcinoma in situ (CLCIS) (n = 26), and DCIS (n = 37).

Clinical significance of worsening versus stable preradiographic MRI lesions in a cohort study of persons at higher risk for knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Whether preradiographic lesions in knees at risk for osteoarthritis are incidental versus disease is unclear. We hypothesised, in persons without but at higher risk for knee osteoarthritis, that: 12-48 month MRI lesion status worsening is associated with 12-48 month incident radiographic osteoarthritis (objective component of clinical definition of knee osteoarthritis) and 48-84 month persistent symptoms.

Methods: In 849 Osteoarthritis Initiative participants Kellgren/Lawrence (KL) 0 in both knees, we assessed cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and menisci on 12 month (baseline) and 48 month MRIs.

Antiretroviral Regimen Durability and Success in Treatment-Naive and Treatment-Experienced Patients by Year of Treatment Initiation, United States, 1996-2011.

Background: Although modern combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens are better tolerated and less complex than earlier treatments, regimen modification or discontinuation remains a concern.

Methods: We studied HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) participants who initiated the first or second cART regimens during: 1996-1999, 2000-2003, 2004-2007, and 2008-2011. We analyzed regimen durability (time to regimen modification) and success (achieving undetectable plasma HIV RNA) for the first and second cART regimens using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests, and examined factors associated with durability and success of the first cART regimen using proportional hazards models.