Wasteosomes (corpora amylacea) of human brain can be phagocytosed and digested by macrophages.

Background: Corpora amylacea of human brain, recently renamed as wasteosomes, are granular structures that appear during aging and also accumulate in specific areas of the brain in neurodegenerative conditions. Acting as waste containers, wasteosomes are formed by polyglucosan aggregates that entrap and isolate toxic and waste substances of different origins. They are expelled from the brain to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and can be phagocytosed by macrophages.

Hydroxy-Selenomethionine, an Organic Selenium Source, Increases Selenoprotein Expression and Positively Modulates the Inflammatory Response of LPS-Stimulated Macrophages.

The role of 2-hydroxy-(4-methylseleno)butanoic acid (OH-SeMet), a form of organic selenium (Se), in selenoprotein synthesis and inflammatory response of THP1-derived macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been investigated. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, GPX1 gene expression, selenoprotein P (SELENOP) protein and gene expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were studied in Se-deprived conditions (6 and 24 h). Then, macrophages were supplemented with OH-SeMet for 72 h and GPX1 and SELENOP gene expression were determined.

L. Tubers (Tiger Nuts) Protect Epithelial Barrier Function in Caco-2 Cells Infected by Enteritidis and Promote Growth.

L. tubers (tiger nuts) contain different compounds with several intestinal health-promoting properties. Here, we studied the capacity of tiger nuts from Valencia, Spain, to prevent epithelial barrier function disruption induced by enteritidis in Caco-2 cell cultures.

act as containers that remove waste products from the brain.

(CA) in the human brain are granular bodies formed by polyglucosan aggregates that amass waste products of different origins. They are generated by astrocytes, mainly during aging and neurodegenerative conditions, and are located predominantly in periventricular and subpial regions. This study shows that CA are released from these regions to the cerebrospinal fluid and are present in the cervical lymph nodes, into which cerebrospinal fluid drains through the meningeal lymphatic system.

2-Hydroxy-(4-methylseleno)butanoic Acid Is Used by Intestinal Caco-2 Cells as a Source of Selenium and Protects against Oxidative Stress.

Background: Selenium (Se) participates in different functions in humans and other animals through its incorporation into selenoproteins as selenocysteine. Inadequate dietary Se is considered a risk factor for several chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Objective: The role of 2-hydroxy-(4-methylseleno)butanoic acid (HMSeBA), an organic form of Se used in animal nutrition, in supporting selenoprotein synthesis and protecting against oxidative stress was investigated in an in vitro model of intestinal Caco-2 cells.

Salmosan, a β-galactomannan-rich product, in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum contributes to restore intestinal epithelial barrier function by modulation of cytokine production.

Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOSs) are mannose-rich substrates with several intestinal health-promoting properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential capacity of Salmosan (S-βGM), a β-galactomannan-rich MOS product, to restore epithelial barrier function independently from its capacity to reduce bacterial invasion. In addition, the combination of S-βGM with the proven probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) was also tested.

Salmosan, a β-Galactomannan-Rich Product, Protects Epithelial Barrier Function in Caco-2 Cells Infected by Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis.

Background: One promising strategy for reducing human salmonellosis induced by Salmonella Enteritidis is to supplement animal diets with natural feed additives such as mannan oligosaccharides (MOSs).

Objective: We sought to investigate the potential role of Salmosan (S-βGM), an MOS product extremely rich in β-galactomannan, in preventing epithelial barrier function disruption induced by S. Enteritidis colonization in an in vitro model of intestinal Caco-2 cells in culture.