Resident Autonomy in the Operating Room: How Faculty Assess Real-time Entrustability.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the empirical processes and evidence that expert surgical teachers use to determine whether to take over certain steps or entrust the resident with autonomy to proceed during an operation.

Background: Assessing real-time entrustability is inherent in attending surgeons' determinations of residents' intraoperative autonomy in the operating room. To promote residents' autonomy, it is necessary to understand how attending surgeons evaluate residents' performance and support opportunities for independent practice based on the assessment of their entrustability.

Visuospatial Aptitude Testing Differentially Predicts Simulated Surgical Skill.

Objective: To determine whether visuospatial perception (VSP) testing is correlated to simulated or intraoperative surgical performance as rated by the American College of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) milestones.

Design: (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting: Two academic training institutions.

Entrustment Evidence Used by Expert Gynecologic Surgical Teachers to Determine Residents' Autonomy.

Objective: To identify entrustment evidence used by expert gynecologic surgical teachers to determine obstetrics and gynecology residents' level of autonomy in the operating room.

Methods: A qualitative interview study was undertaken from March to November 2016. Four selection criteria were used to define and purposefully sample expert gynecologic surgical teachers across the United States to represent all four geographic regions.

How Effective are New Milestones Assessments at Demonstrating Resident Growth? 1 Year of Data.

Objective: Assessment tools that accrue data for the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones must evaluate residents across multiple dimensions, including medical knowledge, procedural skills, teaching, and professionalism. Our objectives were to: (1) develop an assessment tool to evaluate resident performance in accordance with the Milestones and (2) review trends in resident achievements during the inaugural year of Milestone implementation.

Design: A novel venue and postgraduate year (PGY) specific assessment tool was built, tested, and implemented for both operating room and labor and delivery "venues.

Management strategies for painful bladder syndrome.

Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) is a condition of chronic pelvic pain associated with irritative voiding symptoms. Management of PBS/IC has been a challenge for generations of physicians, owing to a lack of consensus on its definition, an incompletely understood pathophysiology, and numerous available therapies without high-quality evidence to guide their usage. This article reviews the most current conception of PBS/IC and data on effective treatments to recommend a management strategy.