Age-specific HPV type distribution in high-grade cervical disease in screened and unvaccinated women.

Background And Aim: Age-specific type-distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) in cervical precancerous lesions is subject to change in the HPV vaccination era. Knowing the pre-vaccination type-distribution helps to anticipate changes induced by mass vaccination and optimize screening.

Methods: We recruited 1279 women referred to colposcopy for abnormal cytology into a population-based study on HPV type distribution in diagnostic cervical samples (ISRCTN10933736).

Impact of the Bologna process in Bachelor nursing programmes: The Swedish case.

The higher education reform in Europe known as the "Bologna Process" implies further harmonisation and integration of nursing programmes into the higher education system. This study explores this process in Sweden, where the development of nursing education into an undergraduate programme started in 1977. The aim of this study was to analyse characteristics of the major subject and its relationship to other subject areas, such as medical sciences and social sciences, in Bachelor level nursing programmes in Sweden following initial implementation of the Bologna process.