Normative or Confirmative: Effects of Information Quality and Redundancy in Decision Support Systems.

Objective: The study investigates users' tendency to access decision support (DS) systems as a function of the correlation between the DS information and the information users already have, the ongoing interaction with such systems, and the effect of correlated information on subjective trust.

Background: Previous research has shown inconclusive findings regarding whether people prefer information that correlates with information they already have. Some studies conclude that individuals recognize the value of noncorrelated information, given its unique content, while others suggest that users favor correlated information as it aligns with existing evidence.

[Recommendations on interpretive strategies for routine lung function tests].

During the annual conference of the German Respiratory Society (DGP = Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin) in 2024, updated recommendations for lung function testing have been published. The original full-length version can be downloaded free of charge as pfd-paper from the journal entitled "Atemwegs- und Lungenkrankheiten, Jahrgang 50 (2024) März (111-184)". In the current recommendations new approaches have been embedded that focus on modern interpretations of lung function results, as has been proposed by the ERS (European Respiratory Society) in collaboration with the ATS (American Thoracic Society).

Selective Access to Decision Support as a Function of Event Uncertainty.

Objective: We investigate the impact of event uncertainty, decision support (DS) display format, and DS sensitivity on participants' behavior, performance, subjective workload, and perception of DS usefulness and performance in a classification task.

Background: DS systems can positively and negatively affect decision accuracy, performance time, and workload. The ability to access DS selectively, based on informational needs, might improve DS effectiveness.

Pulmonary Embolism: An Update Based on the Revised AWMF-S2k Guideline.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common acute cardiovascular disease. The risk of PE increases with age and mortality is high. Patients are stratified into hemodynamically stable versus unstable patients, as this has important implications for diagnosis and therapy.

Post-Pulmonary Embolism Syndrome: An Update Based on the Revised AWMF-S2k Guideline.

In survivors of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), the post-PE syndrome (PPES) may occur. In PPES, patients typically present with persisting or progressive dyspnea on exertion despite 3 months of therapeutic anticoagulation. Therefore, a structured follow-up is warranted to identify patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) with normal pulmonary pressure or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).

[Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure. Clinical Practice Guidelines - on behalf of the German Society of Pneumology and Ventilatory Medicine].

The guideline update outlines the advantages as well as the limitations of NIV in the treatment of acute respiratory failure in daily clinical practice and in different indications.Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has a high value in therapy of hypercapnic acute respiratory failure, as it significantly reduces the length of ICU stay and hospitalization as well as mortality.Patients with cardiopulmonary edema and acute respiratory failure should be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oxygen in addition to necessary cardiological interventions.

Using Machine Learning-Based Algorithms to Identify and Quantify Exercise Limitations in Clinical Practice: Are We There Yet?

Introduction: Well-trained staff is needed to interpret cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET). We aimed to examine the accuracy of machine learning-based algorithms to classify exercise limitations and their severity in clinical practice compared with expert consensus using patients presenting at a pulmonary clinic.

Methods: This study included 200 historical CPET data sets (48.

Impact of prolonged duration of different types of renal replacement therapies on serum levels of endothelin-1 and pulmonary function tests.

Introduction: This study was carried out to investigate the impact of duration of different renal replacement therapies such as hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis on potential overproduction of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and pulmonary function tests in these patients.

Materials And Methods: The study included 26 patients (14 males, mean age 54.9±16.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and impairment after pulmonary embolism: the FOCUS study.

Aims: To systematically assess late outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and to investigate the clinical implications of post-PE impairment (PPEI) fulfilling prospectively defined criteria.

Methods And Results: A prospective multicentre observational cohort study was conducted in 17 large-volume centres across Germany. Adult consecutive patients with confirmed acute symptomatic PE were followed with a standardized assessment plan and pre-defined visits at 3, 12, and 24 months.

Risk Assessment for Patients with Chronic Respiratory Conditions in the Context of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Statement of the German Respiratory Society with the Support of the German Association of Chest Physicians.

Assessing the risk for specific patient groups to suffer from severe courses of COVID-19 is of major importance in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This review focusses on the risk for specific patient groups with chronic respiratory conditions, such as patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis (CF), sarcoidosis, interstitial lung diseases, lung cancer, sleep apnea, tuberculosis, neuromuscular diseases, a history of pulmonary embolism, and patients with lung transplants. Evidence and recommendations are detailed in exemplary cases.

An end-to-end automated platform process for high-throughput engineering of next-generation multi-specific antibody therapeutics.

Next-generation multi-specific antibody therapeutics (MSATs) are engineered to combine several functional activities into one molecule to provide higher efficacy compared to conventional, mono-specific antibody therapeutics. However, highly engineered MSATs frequently display poor yields and less favorable drug-like properties (DLPs), which can adversely affect their development. Systematic screening of a large panel of MSAT variants in very high throughput (HT) is thus critical to identify potent molecule candidates with good yield and DLPs early in the discovery process.

Recommendations for return to sport during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

In this viewpoint we make specific recommendations that can assist and make the return to sport/exercise as safe as possible for all those impacted - from the recreational athlete to the elite athlete. We acknowledge that there are varying rules and regulations around the world, not to mention the varying philosophies and numerous schools of thought as it relates to return to sport/exercise and we have been cognisant of this in our recommendations. Despite the varying rules and circumstances around the world, we believe it is essential to provide some helpful and consistent guidance for return to training and sport for sport and exercise physicians around the world at this most difficult time.

Recommendations for Face Coverings While Exercising During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In an effort to reduce transmission and number of infections of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) virus, governments and official bodies around the world have produced guidelines on the use of face masks and face coverings. While there is a growing body of recommendations for healthcare professionals and the wider population to use facial protection in "enclosed spaces" where minimal distancing from other individuals is not possible, there is a dearth of clear guidelines for individuals undertaking exercise and sporting activity. The present viewpoint aims to propose recommendations for face coverings while exercising during the COVID-19 pandemic that consider physical distancing, the environment, the density of active cases associated with the specific sports activity, and the practical use of face coverings in order to reduce potential viral transmission.

Quality of Life 3 and 12 Months Following Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Analysis From a Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Few data are available on the long-term course and predictors of quality of life (QoL) following acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

Research Question: What are the kinetics and determinants of disease-specific and generic health-related QoL 3 and 12 months following an acute PE?

Study Design And Methods: The Follow-up after Acute Pulmonary Embolism (FOCUS) study prospectively followed up consecutive adult patients with objectively diagnosed PE. Patients were considered for study who completed the Pulmonary Embolism Quality of Life (PEmb-QoL) questionnaire at predefined visits 3 and 12 months following PE.

Protein expression profiling suggests relevance of noncanonical pathways in isolated pulmonary embolism.

Patients with isolated pulmonary embolism (PE) have a distinct clinical profile from those with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)-associated PE, with more pulmonary conditions and atherosclerosis. These findings suggest a distinct molecular pathophysiology and the potential involvement of alternative pathways in isolated PE. To test this hypothesis, data from 532 individuals from the Genotyping and Molecular Phenotyping of Venous ThromboEmbolism Project, a multicenter prospective cohort study with extensive biobanking, were analyzed.

Patient monitoring as a predictor of blood culture results in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit.

We present a mesoergonomic approach to the early detection of neonatal sepsis, analyzing clinical data for 4999 patients from a neo-natal intensive care unit to predict positive culture results. The Apgar score at birth predicted positive results. For neonates with poor and intermediate Apgar scores, culture results for monitored infants were more likely to be positive than those for unmonitored infants.

Judging One's Own or Another Person's Responsibility in Interactions With Automation.

Objective: We explore users' and observers' subjective assessments of human and automation capabilities and human causal responsibility for outcomes.

Background: In intelligent systems and advanced automation, human responsibility for outcomes becomes equivocal, as do subjective perceptions of responsibility. In particular, actors who actively work with a system may perceive responsibility differently from observers.

Survival and course of lung function in the presence or absence of antifibrotic treatment in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: long-term results of the INSIGHTS-IPF registry.

Objective: There is a paucity of observational data on antifibrotic therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We aimed to assess the course of disease of IPF patients with and without antifibrotic therapy under real-life conditions.

Methods: We analysed data from a non-interventional, prospective cohort study of consecutively enrolled IPF patients from 20 interstitial lung disease expert centres in Germany.

Effects of Trust, Self-Confidence, and Feedback on the Use of Decision Automation.

Operators often fail to rely sufficiently on alarm systems. This results in a joint human-machine (JHM) sensitivity below the one of the alarm system. The 'confidence vs.

The clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and its association to quality of life over time: longitudinal data from the INSIGHTS-IPF registry.

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is profoundly impaired in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, data is limited regarding the course of QoL. We therefore analysed longitudinal data from the German INSIGHTS-IPF registry.