Clinical trials: considerations for researchers and hospital administrators.

Background: Clinical studies play a pivotal role in the development of new pharmaceutical drugs. Before newly developed active substances can be put on the market, the law requires that they be tested in a large number of clinical trials. The initiators of these trials are usually study groups (publicly funded trials) or the pharmaceutical industry, which often supplies the drugs for clinical research in hospitals.

Changes in bone structure after augmentation cystoplasty in chronic uraemic rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of urinary diversion using several types of intestinal segments on cortical and cancellous bone structure of growing rats with renal insufficiency.

Material And Methods: In all, 110 female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) had either a two-stage subtotal nephrectomy by removing five-sixths of the renal mass, or a sham operation. Except for a uraemic control group, all uraemic rats then had an enterocystoplasty using stomach, ileum or colon (20 animals per group).

Effect of augmentation cystoplasty on bone metabolism in chronic uremic rats.

Purpose: We examined the impact of urinary diversion using several types of intestinal segments on the bone metabolism of growing rats with renal insufficiency.

Materials And Methods: A total of 110, 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 2-stage subtotal nephrectomy by removal of 5/6 of the renal mass or sham operation. Except for a uremic control group all uremic rats underwent enterocystoplasty using stomach, ileum or colon.