The Influence of N-Acetyl-selenomethionine on Two RONS-Generating Cancer Cell Lines Compared to N-Acetyl-methionine.

Unlabelled: N-acetyl-selenomethionine (NASeLM), a representative of the selenium compounds, failed to convince in clinical studies and cell cultures that it neither inhibits cancer growth nor has a chemoprotective effect. This study aims to find out whether NASeLM shows a growth-inhibiting property compared to the carrier substance N-Acetyl-L-methionine (NALM) on two different cancer cells, namely Jurkat cells and MTC-SK cells.

Methods: Jurkat and MTC-SK cells were cultured in the absence or presence of varying concentrations (0-500 µg/mL) of NASeLM and NALM solutions.

Different RONS Generation in MTC-SK and NSCL Cells Lead to Varying Antitumoral Effects of Alpha-Ketoglutarate + 5-HMF.

Background: Carbonylated proteins (CPs) serve as specific indicators of increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) production in cancer cells, attributed to the dysregulated mitochondrial energy metabolism known as the Warburg effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and their combination as mitochondrial-targeting antioxidants in MTC-SK or NCI-H23 cancer cells.

Methods: MTC-SK and NCI-H23 cells were cultured in the absence or presence of varying concentrations (0-500 µg/mL) of aKG, 5-HMF, and the combined aKG + 5-HMF solutions.

Alpha-Ketoglutarate or 5-HMF: Single Compounds Effectively Eliminate Leukemia Cells via Caspase-3 Apoptosis and Antioxidative Pathways.

Background: We recently showed that a combined solution containing alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) and 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF) has a solid antitumoral effect on the Jurkat cell line due to the fact of its antioxidative, caspase-3 and apoptosis activities, but no negative effect on human fibroblasts was obtained. The question arises how the single compounds, aKG and 5-HMF, affect peroxynitrite (ONOO) and nitration of tyrosine residues, Jurkat cell proliferation and caspase-activated apoptosis.

Methods: The ONOO luminol-induced chemiluminescence reaction was used to measure the ONOO scavenging function of aKG or 5-HMF, and their protection against nitration of tyrosine residues on bovine serum albumin was estimated with the ELISA technique.

Vitamin D-Dimer: A Possible Biomolecule Modulator in Cytotoxic and Phagocytosis Processes?

Background: Vitamin D3 complexed to deglycosylated vitamin D binding protein (VitD-dgVDBP) is a water-soluble vitamin D dimeric compound (VitD-dgVDBP). It is not clear how VitD-dgVDBP affects circulating monocytes, macrophages, other immune cell systems, including phagocytosis and apoptosis, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to dgVDBP. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to measure superoxide anion radical (O2*−) levels and macrophage activity in the presence of VitD-dgVDBP or dgVDBP.

Alpha-Ketoglutarate and 5-HMF: A Potential Anti-Tumoral Combination against Leukemia Cells.

We have recently shown that a combined solution containing alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG) and 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF) might have anti-tumoral potential due to its antioxidative activities. The question arises if these substances have caspase-3- and apoptosis-activating effects on the cell proliferation in Jurkat and HF-SAR cells. Antioxidative capacity of several combined aKG + 5-HMF solution was estimated by cigarette smoke radical oxidized proteins of fetal calf serum (FCS) using the estimation of carbonylated proteins.

Alpha-Ketoglutarate: A Potential Inner Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Protector against Peroxynitrite and Peroxynitrite-Induced Nitration?

The generation of peroxynitrite (ONOO) is associated with several diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, neurodegeneration, cancer, inflammation, and sepsis. Alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) is a known potential highly antioxidative agent for radical oxidative species such as peroxides. The question arises as to whether αKG is also a potential scavenger of ONOO and a potential protector against ONOO-mediated nitration of proteins.

Effective Increase of Serum Vitamin D3 by IV Application of a Cholecalciferol-N-Acetyl-Galactosamine-Stabilized Dimer: a Clinical Murine Trial Study.

Background: Pre-clinical toxicology studies of human Gc-protein (vitamin D binding protein) are of special interest as to the transport of vitamin D and its biological activities. We have demonstrated that the oral application of a special dimeric vitamin D complex reduces oxidative stress and increases the quality of life in autistic children. Therefore, safety and toxic effects of two dimeric cholecalciferol-N-acetyl-galactosamine-albumin complexes were evaluated in increasing intravenous (iv.

Lowered Levels of Carbonyl Proteins after Vitamin B Supplementation in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: The critical role of neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become evident.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the influence of vitamin supplementation on parameters of oxidative stress, inflammation as well as on cognition in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment.

Methods: In our study, patients with cognitive impairment and healthy controls were enrolled.

Effects of zeolite supplementation on parameters of intestinal barrier integrity, inflammation, redoxbiology and performance in aerobically trained subjects.

Background: Zeolites are crystalline compounds with microporous structures of Si-tetrahedrons. In the gut, these silicates could act as adsorbents, ion-exchangers, catalysts, detergents or anti-diarrheic agents. This study evaluated whether zeolite supplementation affects biomarkers of intestinal wall permeability and parameters of oxidation and inflammation in aerobically trained individuals, and whether it could improve their performance.

Determination of Angiotensin-(1-7) with HPLC/Fluorescence-Detection.

Angiotensin-(1-7) is an important active component in the renin-angiotensin-system. Due to its cardio protective effects it is now under investigation in combination with antioxidants as a reperfusion solution. The combination showed impressive effects on isolated hearts of male Wistar rats after induced ischemia.

Application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Reduce Oxidative Damage of Plasmatic Carbonyl Proteins and 8-OHdG by Activating Glutathion Peroxidase.

Background: It is postulated that application of hyperbaric oxygenation may induce the production of radicals after HBO. Higher oxygenation and transport of oxygen increase the mitochondrial energy turnover, whereas inner mitochondrial radical formation decreases.

Methods: Several markers of oxidative stress in healthy volunteers (n = 21), including plasma carbonyl proteins (CP), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity are measured before, during, and after HBO.

Elevated levels of carbonyl proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

The importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neuroimmunological and neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), has been discussed for a long time. However, markers for oxidative stress in cerebrospinal fluid are hardly detected. The aim of the present study is to assess whether carbonyl proteins as end products of metabolic processes may serve as a marker for oxidative stress in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neuroimmunological and neurodegenerative diseases.

Simultaneous quantitation of alpha-ketoglutaric acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in plasma by HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection.

Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (KG) and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are currently being investigated in clinical trials as an approach in targeted cancer therapy. Hence, a method for the simultaneous determination of KG and HMF in plasma has been developed. Due to the strongly discriminative chemical properties of KG and HMF, SPE purification is performed using an ion-exchange cartridge to separate KG, and a hydrophobic polymeric cartridge to separate HMF.

Effects of antioxidant supplementation on exercise performance in acute normobaric hypoxia.

Background/objectives: To compare the effects of a 3-week supplementation between two different mixtures of antioxidants and placebo on aerobic exercise performance in acute normobaric hypoxia.

Subjects/methods: Seventeen subjects were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive a broad-based antioxidants supplement containing beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, d-alpha-tocopherol-succinate, N-acetylcysteine, riboflavin, zinc, and selenium (antioxidant capsule group [AO group]), or a combination of alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF; CYL concentrate supplementation group [CS group]), or placebo (PL group). Before and after supplementation, subjects performed two incremental cycle-exercise tests until exhaustion.

Proteomic analysis of seminal plasma from infertile patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia due to oxidative stress and comparison with fertile volunteers.

Objective: To compare the expression protein profile of seminal plasma from infertile men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) due to oxidative stress with that of healthy, fertile men to determine the proteins indicative of infertility.

Design: Experimental study.

Setting: University hospital and research institute.

Supplementation with a juice powder concentrate and exercise decrease oxidation and inflammation, and improve the microcirculation in obese women: randomised controlled trial data.

Obesity and sedentary lifestyle are associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation and vessel dysfunction. Previous research has shown that an encapsulated fruit/berry/vegetable juice powder (FBV) supplement or controlled exercise training improve the markers of redox biology, low-grade inflammation and circulation. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of 8 weeks of supplementation with FBV or placebo, and a single bout of controlled walking on the markers of oxidation, inflammation and skin capillary microcirculation in forty-two obese pre-menopausal women (41 (SD 5) years, non-smokers and BMI 34·5 (SD 3·8) kg/m(2)) using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design.

Determination of metabolites of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in human urine after oral application.

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a natural occurring substance taken up by everyday food. In former studies it was shown that 5-HMF is completely decomposed in the body after oral or intravenous application resulting in three main metabolites named 5-hydroxymethylfuroic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, and N-(hydroxymethyl)furoyl glycine, and possibly a forth metabolic substance, termed 5-sulphoxymethylfurfural, is formed. Determination is possible via HPLC using a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) column with an appropriate gradient system (ACN/ammonium formate 100 mM, pH 2.

Probiotic supplementation affects markers of intestinal barrier, oxidation, and inflammation in trained men; a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Probiotics are an upcoming group of nutraceuticals claiming positive effects on athlete's gut health, redox biology and immunity but there is lack of evidence to support these statements.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial to observe effects of probiotic supplementation on markers of intestinal barrier, oxidation and inflammation, at rest and after intense exercise. 23 trained men received multi-species probiotics (1010 CFU/day, Ecologic®Performance or OMNi-BiOTiC®POWER, n = 11) or placebo (n = 12) for 14 weeks and performed an intense cycle ergometry over 90 minutes at baseline and after 14 weeks.

Method development and validation for the analysis of a new anti-cancer infusion solution via HPLC.

A fast and simple HPLC method has been developed and validated for the quantification of a completely new anti-cancer drug during the manufacturing process. The combination of four compounds including α-ketoglutaric acid, hydroxymethylfurfural, N-acetyl-L-methionine and N-acetyl-L-selenomethionine, administered intravenously, is still in test phase but has already shown promising results in cancer therapy. HPLC separation was achieved on an RP-18 column with a gradient system.

Carbonyl proteins as a clinical marker in Alzheimer's disease and its relation to tryptophan degradation and immune activation.

Background: The question arises whether oxidative stress is connected with systemic immune activation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). During immune response interferon-gamma stimulates the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, a major route of L-tryptophan (Trp) degradation.

Methods: Plasma Kyn, Trp and the Kyn to Trp ratio (Kyn/Trp), carbonyl proteins (CP) as oxidative stress parameter and homocysteine, neopterin, folate and vitamin B12 were measured from patients with AD and MCI (n = 16: 6 females and 4 males with AD, 3 females and 3 males with MCI; 63.

Creation of a prevascularized site for cell transplantation in rats.

Introduction: Transplanted cells, especially islet cells, are likely to become apoptotic due to local hypoxia leading to graft dysfunction. Isolated pancreatic islet cells depend on the diffusion of oxygen from the surrounding tissue; therefore, access to sufficient oxygen supply is beneficial, particularly when microcapsules are used for immunoisolation in xenotransplantation. The aim of this study was to create a prevascularized site for cell transplantation in rats and test its effectiveness with microencapsulated HEK293 cells.

Myeloperoxidase and carbonyl proteins: promising markers for non-invasive monitoring of graft rejection after heart transplantation.

Background: After heart transplantation (HTx), endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is currently the standard method to diagnose acute graft rejection. A non-invasive marker of rejection would be desirable as an alternative or to permit more selective use of the costly and invasive EMB.

Methods: In this retrospective study, outcomes of routinely taken EMBs were used to select 28 patients after HTx EMB Grade 0R (8 patients), 1R (9 patients) or 2R (11 patients).

Prevention of oxidative stress in porcine islet isolation.

High yields of pure and viable porcine islet cells (PICs) to be used for microencapsulation are crucial for successful xenotransplantation. Mechanical disruption of the pancreas, enzymes used for digestion, digestion temperature and time are among the factors known to cause oxidative stress and to impact on the yield, purity and viability of PICs. The aim of our study was to optimize conventional procedures in order to minimize the oxidative stress that occurs during the isolation and purification of PICs.

Increased lipid peroxidation in trained men after 2 weeks of antioxidant supplementation.

Purpose: To assess the effects of an encapsulated antioxidant concentrate (EAC) and exercise on lipid peroxidation (LIPOX) and the plasma antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (Pl-GPx).

Methods: Eight trained male cyclists (VO2max > 55 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) participated in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover study and undertook 4 cycle-ergometer bouts: 2 moderate exercise bouts over 90 min at 45% of individual VO2max and 2 strenuous exercise bouts at 75% of individual VO2max for 30 min. The first 2 exercise tests--1 moderate and 1 strenuous-were conducted after 4 weeks wash-out and after 12 and 14 days of EAC (107 IU vitamin E, 450 mg vitamin C, 36 mg beta-carotene, 100 microg selenium) or placebo treatment.