Cytoreductive prostatectomy in metastatic prostate cancer: a systematic review.

The impact of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy on oncological outcome in patients with prostate cancer and limited number of bone metastases is unclear. Data from cancer registries, multi-institutional databases and a single institutional case-control study indicate a possible benefit of combined cytoreduction and hormonal therapy compared to hormonal therapy alone. However, the results may be biased by a number of factors.

Autism beyond diagnostic categories: characterization of autistic phenotypes in schizophrenia.

Background: Behavioral phenotypical continua from health to disease suggest common underlying mechanisms with quantitative rather than qualitative differences. Until recently, autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia were considered distinct nosologic entities. However, emerging evidence contributes to the blurring of symptomatic and genetic boundaries between these conditions.

Biodiversity and species identity shape the antifungal activity of bacterial communities.

Soils host diverse communities of interacting microbes and the nature of interspecific interactions is increasingly recognized to affect ecosystem-level processes. Antagonistic interactions between bacteria and fungi are of particular relevance for soil functioning. A number of soil bacteria produce secondary metabolites that inhibit eukaryotic growth.

The curse of wealth - Middle Eastern countries need to address the rapidly rising burden of diabetes.

The energy boom of the last decade has led to rapidly increasing wealth in the Middle East, particularly in the oil and gas-rich Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This exceptional growth in prosperity has brought with it rapid changes in lifestyles that have resulted in a significant rise in chronic disease. In particular the number of people diagnosed with diabetes has increased dramatically and health system capacity has not kept pace.

The "DGPPN-Cohort": A national collaboration initiative by the German Association for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (DGPPN) for establishing a large-scale cohort of psychiatric patients.

The German Association for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (DGPPN) has committed itself to establish a prospective national cohort of patients with major psychiatric disorders, the so-called DGPPN-Cohort. This project will enable the scientific exploitation of high-quality data and biomaterial from psychiatric patients for research. It will be set up using harmonised data sets and procedures for sample generation and guided by transparent rules for data access and data sharing regarding the central research database.

Distributed clock gating for power reduction of a programmable waveform generator for neural stimulation.

This paper describes how to employ distributed clock gating to achieve an overall low power design of a programmable waveform generator intended for a neural stimulator. The power efficiency is enabled using global timing control combined with local amplitude distribution over a bus to the local stimulator frontends. This allows the combination of local and global clock gating for complete sub-blocks of the design.

Increasing antagonistic interactions cause bacterial communities to collapse at high diversity.

Biodiversity is a major determinant of ecosystem functioning. Species-rich communities often use resources more efficiently thereby improving community performance. However, high competition within diverse communities may also reduce community functioning.

Comparison of microleakage on one composite etched with phosphoric acid or a combination of phosphoric and hydrofluoric acids and bonded with several different systems.

Statement Of Problem: There are no data available on whether or to what extent hydrofluoric acid affects the marginal integrity of dentin-bonded composite restorations when it is used instead of phosphoric acid in the total-etch technique.

Purpose: This in vitro study examined the etching effects of phosphoric acid versus a combination of phosphoric and hydrofluoric acid by evaluation of microleakage in a composite restoration bonded with different dentin adhesive systems.

Material And Methods: Extracted teeth (n = 90) containing 2 class II preparations, mesial occlusal (MO) and distal occlusal (DO) standarized (cervical margins in dentin) were perfused with Ringer solution and etched in 1 of 2 ways: with phosphoric acid only or with phosphoric combined with hydrofluoric acid.