Use of NSAIDs and acetaminophen and risk of spontaneous intestinal perforations in premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Acquired spontaneous intestinal perforation or SIP occurs most commonly in the extremely premature infant population. As the incidence is rising, understanding modifiable factors such as common medication exposures becomes important for individualizing care.

Methods: The primary outcome was SIP in premature infants with exposure to indomethacin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen.

Moving forward from Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance to race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate to improve medication-related decision-making in adults across healthcare settings: A consensus of the National Kidney Foundation Workgroup for Implementation of Race-Free eGFR-Based Medication-Related Decisions.

Purpose: The goals of this paper are to (1) provide evidence and expert consensus to support a unified approach to estimating kidney filtration in adults with stable kidney function using race-free estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in place of Cockcroft-Gault estimated creatinine clearance (C-G eCrCL) for medical and medication-related decisions, and (2) demonstrate how adjusting eGFR results for an individual's body surface area (BSA) when it is higher or lower than 1.73 m2 will improve results for medication-related decisions.

Summary: C-G eCrCL is predominantly used by US pharmacists to determine eGFR for the purposes of medication-related decisions, even though more accurate eGFR equations exist.

Evaluation of Glycemic Variability and Discharge Outcomes in Patients with Ischemic Stroke Following Thrombolysis.

Background And Purpose: Hyperglycemia following acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with adverse outcomes including, hemorrhagic conversion and increased length of stay; however, the impact of glycemic variability is largely unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effect of glycemic variability on discharge outcomes in patients treated with alteplase for AIS.

Methods: A retrospective review of ischemic stroke patients who presented within 4.

A real-world longitudinal study implementing digital screening and treatment for distress in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): The COMPASS-IBD study protocol.

Introduction: Co-morbid anxiety and depression (distress) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results in poorer outcomes and increased healthcare burden. IBD services require scalable treatment pathways for distress to meet this need. This real-world longitudinal study evaluates the implementation of a new integrated care pathway for distress including: 1) routine mental health screening and 2) therapist-guided, digital CBT tailored to the challenges of living with IBD (compass with adaptations for IBD: COMPASS-IBD) in a UK National Health Service (NHS) large gastroenterology service (∼ 5000 patients).

Validation of Two Scoring Tools to Predict Risk of Augmented Renal Clearance in Trauma Patients.

Introduction: Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is prevalent in trauma populations. Identification is underrecognized by calculated creatinine clearance or estimated glomerular filtration rate equations. Predictive scores may assist with ARC identification.

The Use of Intraperitoneal Ampicillin in a Patient With Peritonitis.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) - associated peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The 2022 International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) guidelines do not recommend intraperitoneal (IP) ampicillin for treatment of Enterococcal PD - associated peritonitis. To date, there is no in vivo data to support use of IP ampicillin for the treatment of .

Does the use of higher versus lower oxygen concentration improve neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18-24 months in very low birthweight infants?

Background: Immediately after birth, the oxygen saturation is between 30 and 50%, which then increases to 85-95% within the first 10 min. Over the last 10 years, recommendations regarding the ideal level of the initial fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) for resuscitation in preterm infants have changed from 1.0, to room air to low levels of oxygen (< 0.

A randomized controlled trial of a digital cognitive-behavioral therapy program (COMPASS) for managing depression and anxiety related to living with a long-term physical health condition.

Background: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of COMPASS, a therapist-supported digital therapeutic for reducing psychological distress (anxiety/depression) in people living with long-term physical health conditions (LTCs).

Methods: A two-armed randomized-controlled trial recruiting from LTC charities. Participants with anxiety and/or depression symptoms related to their LTC(s) were randomized (concealed allocation via independent administrator) to COMPASS (access to 11 tailored modules plus five thirty-minute therapist support sessions) or standard charity support (SCS).

Removal of common antimicrobial agents by sustained low-efficiency dialysis.

Adequate dosing of antimicrobials is paramount for treating infections in critically ill patients undergoing kidney replacement therapy; however, little is known about antimicrobial removal by sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED). The objective was to quantify the removal of cefepime, daptomycin, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and vancomycin in patients undergoing SLED. Adult patients ≥18 years with acute kidney injury (AKI) or end-stage kidney disease receiving one of the select antimicrobials and requiring SLED were included.

The identification and management of depression in UK Kidney Care: Results from the Mood Maps Study.

Background: Depression is common in people with chronic kidney disease, yet little is known about how depression is identified and managed as part of routine kidney care.

Objectives: The primary objective was to survey all UK adult kidney centres to understand how depression is identified and managed. A secondary objective was to broadly describe the variability in psychosocial care.

Do interventions for mood improve inflammatory biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease?: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms and the gut-brain axis appear relevant to disease activity and progression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). A recent review showed no effect of psychological therapies on self-reported disease activity in IBD. This meta-analysis aims to establish whether interventions targeting mood outcomes (e.

Gout incidence and management during the COVID-19 pandemic in England, UK: a nationwide observational study using OpenSAFELY.

Background: Gout is the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis, yet one of the worst managed. Our objective was to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted incidence and quality of care for people with gout in England, UK.

Methods: With the approval of National Health Service England, we did a population-level cohort study using primary care and hospital electronic health record data for 17·9 million adults registered with general practices using TPP health record software, via the OpenSAFELY platform.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on services for patients with chronic kidney disease: findings of a national survey of UK kidney centres.

Background: Services for patients with kidney disease underwent radical adaptations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We undertook an online national survey of UK kidney centres to understand the nature, range, and degree of variation in these changes and to explore factors contributing to differing practice.

Methods: The survey was designed by a multidisciplinary team of kidney professionals, service users and researchers.

Extracellular vesicle small RNA cargo discriminates non-cancer donors from pediatric B-lymphoblastic leukemia patients.

Pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a disease of abnormally growing B lymphoblasts. Here we hypothesized that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nanosized particles released by all cells (including cancer cells), could be used to monitor B-ALL severity and progression by sampling plasma instead of bone marrow. EVs are especially attractive as they are present throughout the circulation regardless of the location of the originating cell.

Implementing treat-to-target urate-lowering therapy during hospitalizations for gout flares.

Objectives: To evaluate a strategy designed to optimize care and increase uptake of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) during hospitalizations for gout flares.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate a strategy that combined optimal in-hospital gout management with a nurse-led, follow-up appointment, followed by handover to primary care. Outcomes, including ULT initiation, urate target attainment and re-hospitalization rates, were compared between patients hospitalized for flares in the 12 months post-implementation and a retrospective cohort of hospitalized patients from 12 months pre-implementation.

An online acceptance, commitment, and self-compassion based treatment to decrease psychological distress in people with type 2 diabetes: A feasibility randomised-controlled trial.

Background And Purpose: This study explored the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a larger trial of a self-guided, online self-compassion and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) focused treatment among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) to decrease psychological distress.

Materials And Methods: This study was a two-arm, parallel, feasibility randomised controlled trial with nested qualitative methods. UK adults with T2D were randomly (1:1) allocated to a five-week online self-compassion and ACT treatment or waitlist control.

A cognitive-behavioural therapy programme for managing depression and anxiety in long-term physical health conditions: mixed-methods real-world evaluation of the COMPASS programme.

Background: Mental health comorbidities are common in physical long-term health conditions.

Aims: We evaluate the effectiveness of COMPASS, a therapist-supported, digital cognitive-behavioural therapy programme specifically designed to treat anxiety/depression in the context of long-term conditions. We also investigate patient experiences of the programme.

Approaches to the identification and management of depression in people living with chronic kidney disease: A scoping review of 860 papers.

Background: Depression is prevalent across the spectrum of Chronic Kidney Disease and associated with poorer outcomes. There is limited evidence regarding the most effective interventions and care pathways for depression in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objectives: To investigate how depression is identified and managed in adults with Chronic Kidney Disease.

The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy and third-wave cognitive behavioural interventions on diabetes-related distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Diabetes-related distress is common in diabetes and has implications for well-being. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and third-wave CBT hold promise as treatments for diabetes-related distress, although previous findings are inconclusive. We aimed to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to understand the efficacy of these interventions in treating diabetes-related distress, while also assessing the associative benefits of these interventions on depression, anxiety and glycaemic control.

Education Standards for Pharmacists Providing Comprehensive Medication Management in Outpatient Nephrology Settings.

Chronic kidney disease is a public health problem that has generated renewed interest due to poor patient outcomes and high cost. The Advancing American Kidney Health initiative aimed to transform kidney care with goals of decreasing the incidence of kidney failure and increasing the number of patients receiving home dialysis or a kidney transplant. New value-based models of kidney care that specify inclusion of pharmacists as part of the kidney care team were developed to help achieve these goals.

Gabapentinoid dosing and adverse events in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Gabapentinoids (GPs) are frequently prescribed in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, their exclusive renal elimination warrants dose adjustments to decrease risk of toxicity. This study evaluated GP prescribing patterns and whether excessive dosing was associated with increased incidence of gabapentinoid-related adverse events (GRAEs).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of adult CKD and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients hospitalized from 2014 to 2020 and receiving GPs was conducted.

Evaluation of Hospitalized Patients Receiving High versus Low-Dose Opioids for Non-Cancer Pain.

Limited studies suggest that opioid-related adverse effects (ORAEs) may worsen hospitalized patient outcomes, but there is insufficient data related to the impact of high-dose opioids compared to low-dose on adverse patient events. Given the paucity of data, our study aims to evaluate these ORAEs in the general hospitalized patient with non-cancer pain. A retrospective study of adult patients receiving opioids with a primary diagnoses of myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, pneumonia, sepsis, or diabetes was conducted.

Mental health outcomes in patients with a long-term condition: analysis of an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies service.

Background: Having a long-term condition (LTC) significantly affects mental health. UK policy requires effective mental health provisions for patients with an LTC, generally provided by Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services. National IAPT data suggest that patients with an LTC typically demonstrate poorer outcomes compared with patients without an LTC.