Intravenous administration of quinidine and metoprolol for treatment of atrial fibrillation in 2 neonatal foals.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rarely reported arrhythmia in otherwise healthy newborn foals, with a single case of cardioversion using procainamide administration described in the literature. Two neonatal Thoroughbred colts were presented to an equine hospital because of an irregularly irregular tachyarrhythmia and poor latching when trying to nurse. History, physical examination, and initial diagnostic testing including ECG and echocardiography confirmed AF without structural heart disease.

Ultrasound-guided caudal cervical articular process arthrocentesis is accurate in live horses with and without arthropathy.

Background: Cervical articular process joint (CAPJ) therapy is advocated for horses with neck disorders. Several ultrasound-guided CAPJ techniques have been described in cadaver studies with 72%-89% intra-articular injection accuracy; however, the CAPJ injection accuracy in clinical equine practice has not been extensively reported.

Objectives: To describe a modified cranial approach for ultrasound-guided caudal CAPJ injections, to investigate the accuracy of this CAPJ injection technique in live horses, and to assess the effect of CAPJ injection location, laterality, operator, and radiographic CAPJ enlargement on injection accuracy.

Twenty-four hour continuous transvenous temporary right ventricular pacing in healthy horses.

Background: The ability to perform transvenous temporary cardiac pacing (TV-TP) is critical to stabilize horses with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. Reports of successful TV-TP in horses are limited, and only briefly describe short-term pacing.

Objective: To describe temporary, medium-term (24 h) transvenous right ventricular pacing in awake horses using a bipolar torque-directed pacing catheter.

Computed tomographic diagnosis of a common bile duct abscess and secondary extrahepatic biliary duct obstruction in a potbelly pig.

A potbelly pig was evaluated for anorexia and icterus. Clinicopathologic abnormalities suggested an active inflammatory hepatobiliary process. Ultrasound and CT of the abdomen revealed an extrahepatic biliary obstruction of the common bile duct (CBD).

Premature depolarisations in horses competing in United States Eventing Association and Fédération Equestre Internationale-sanctioned 3-day events.

Background: Injuries and sudden death during the cross-country (XC) phase of eventing have raised interest in the frequency and types of cardiac arrhythmias occurring in these equine athletes.

Objectives: To characterise the frequency and types of rhythm disturbances and examine possible risk factors for premature depolarisations (PDs) occurring during the XC phase of United States Eventing Association (USEA) and Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI)-sanctioned events.

Study Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Onchocerca sp. in an imported Zangersheide gelding causing suspensory ligament desmitis.

A 5-year-old imported Zangersheide gelding was evaluated for SC swellings over both forelimbs and lameness localized to the distal metacarpus. Ultrasound examination of the SC masses was compatible with verminous granulomas. Linear hyperechoic foci were present within the suspensory ligament branches of both forelimbs, suggestive of ligamentous parasitic infiltrates.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral and intravenous metoprolol tartrate in clinically healthy horses.

Cardiac drugs with defined pharmacological parameters in horses are limited. The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties and cardiovascular effects of intravenous and oral metoprolol tartrate (MET) in horses. In a 2-period randomized cross-over design, MET was administered IV (0.

Treatment and outcome of eight horses with limb cellulitis and septic tendonitis or desmitis.

Objective: To report the clinical features, treatment, and outcome in horses with cellulitis and concurrent septic tendonitis and/or desmitis.

Study Design: Short case series.

Methods: Medical records from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed, identifying horses with cellulitis and concurrent septic tendonitis and/or desmitis based on sonographic examination and positive bacterial culture.

Sonographic appearance of the late gestation equine fetal intestine.

Variable gestation length in the mare poses a challenge for determination of fetal readiness for birth. The objectives of this study were to describe sonographic characteristics of the fetal GI tract in the late gestation mare and identify changes that occur with progressing fetal maturity. Based on these characteristics, a grading scale modeled after the existing human and canine scoring system was developed.

Evaluation of the use of portable ultrasonography to determine pregnancy status and fecundity in bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo.

This study examined the usefulness of portable ultrasonography in accurately predicting pregnancy and fecundity in the bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo by comparing ultrasound-obtained data with those obtained from animal dissection, the gold standard for elasmobranch reproduction studies. Mature female S. tiburo (n = 66) were collected throughout the period of reproduction and examined via portable ultrasonography using two different ultrasound transducers (8-5 MHz linear array transducer and a 5.

Evaluation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in horses with atrial fibrillation.

Objective: To evaluate horses with atrial fibrillation for hypercoagulability; plasma D-dimer concentrations, as a marker of a procoagulant state; and a relationship between coagulation profile results and duration of atrial fibrillation or presence of structural heart disease.

Design: Case-control study.

Animals: Plasma samples from 42 horses (25 with atrial fibrillation and 17 without cardiovascular or systemic disease [control group]).

Transrectal ultrasonographic characterization of the accessory sex glands, pelvic urethra, and ureters in normal geldings.

Transrectal ultrasound of the internal urogenital tract may be used to aid in the diagnosis of reproductive tract and urinary tract pathology in both stallions and geldings. Abnormalities of the accessory sex glands of geldings are uncommon, although prostatic masses have recently been described in adult geldings presenting with dysuria, stranguria, and/or hematuria. The purpose of this study was to describe the normal ultrasonographic features and sizes of the accessory sex glands, caudal ureters, and pelvic urethra in clinically normal geldings.

Myocardial insult and arrhythmias after acute hemorrhage in horses.

Objective: The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) Determine if acute hemorrhage is associated with increased plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration or cardiac arrhythmias, (2) to describe the types of arrhythmias and their clinical course in horses following acute hemorrhage, (3) to determine the ability of clinical or clinicopathological variables to predict an increase in cTnI concentration and the presence of arrhythmias, and (4) to determine the associations of cTnI and cardiac arrhythmias with outcome.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Large animal veterinary teaching hospital.

Hypertensive cardiomyopathy in horses: 5 cases (1995-2011).

Objective: To describe the prognosis and clinical, echocardiographic, and pathological features of hypertensive cardiomyopathy in horses.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 5 horses with cardiac hypertrophy and systemic hypertension.

Effect of intraperitoneal PERIDAN™ concentrate adhesion reduction device on clinical findings, infection, and tissue healing in an adult horse jejunojejunostomy model.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of PERIDAN™ Concentrate on clinical findings, infection, and tissue healing in adult horses undergoing celiotomy and jejunojejunostomy.

Study Design: Block randomized blinded experimental in vivo study.

Animals: Adult horses (n = 12).

Effect of general anesthesia on plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations in healthy horses.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of general anesthesia on plasma cTnI concentrations in horses.

Animals, Materials And Methods: Thirty-two horses undergoing general anesthesia and either elective surgery or MRI without surgery were prospectively studied. Twenty-nine horses (22 surgical, 7 imaging) completed the study.