Amelioration of Anxiety Associated with Opioid Withdrawal by Activation of Spinal Mechanoreceptors Via Novel Heterodyned Whole Body Vibration.

Objectives: Opioid use disorder (OUD)-associated overdose deaths have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. An important driving force for relapse is anxiety associated with opioid withdrawal. We hypothesized that our new technology, termed heterodyned whole-body vibration (HWBV) would ameliorate anxiety associated with OUD.

Gender-Specific Interactions in a Visual Object Recognition Task in Persons with Opioid Use Disorder.

Opioid use disorder (OUD)-associated overdose deaths have reached epidemic proportions worldwide over the past two decades, with death rates for men reported at twice the rate for women. Using a controlled, cross-sectional, age-matched (18-56 y) design to better understand the cognitive neuroscience of OUD, we evaluated the electroencephalographic (EEG) responses of male and female participants with OUD vs. age- and gender-matched non-OUD controls during a simple visual object recognition Go/No-Go task.

Methylphenidate Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction in Adults After Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: Rationale, Efficacy, and Neural Mechanisms.

Positive effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on attention and cognitive processing speed have been reported in studies of patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies which have acquired functional brain imaging before and while using MPH have also found alteration of brain activation while performing a cognitive task; in some studies, this alteration of activation in selective brain regions was also related to improved performance on cognitive tests administered outside of the scanning environment. Enhanced cognitive performance has been reported after single doses of MPH and after daily treatment over durations of up to and exceeding 1 month.

Persistent Disruption of Brain Connectivity after Sports-Related Concussion in a Female Athlete.

Structural and functional connectivity (FC) after sports-related concussion (SRC) may remain altered in adolescent athletes despite symptom resolution. Little is known, however, about how alterations in structural connectivity and FC co-present in female athletes whose symptom recovery tends to be prolonged. Despite resolution of symptoms, one month after her second SRC, an 18-year-old female athlete had decreased structural connectivity in the corpus callosum and cingulum, with altered FC near those regions, compared with other SRC and orthopedically injured athletes.

Heterogeneity of brain lesions in pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a method to identify and quantify abnormalities resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). MRI abnormalities in children with TBI have not been fully characterized according to the frequency, location, and quantitative measurement of a range of pathologies critical for studies of neuropsychological outcome. Here, we report MRI findings from a large, multicenter study of childhood TBI, the Social Outcomes of Brain Injury in Kids (SOBIK) study, which compared qualitative and quantitative neuroimaging findings in 72 children with complicated mild-to-severe TBI to 52 children with orthopedic injury (OI).