A Systematic Review of Multimodal Analgesic Effectiveness on Acute Postoperative Pain After Adult Cardiac Surgery.

Aim: To synthesise the best available empirical evidence about the effectiveness of multimodal analgesics on pain after adult cardiac surgery.

Design: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Methods: Indexed full-text papers or abstracts, in any language, of randomised controlled trials of adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery investigating multimodal postoperative analgesic regimen effect on mean level of patient-reported pain intensity at rest.

Multimodal Analgesic Effectiveness on Acute Postoperative Pain Management After Adult Cardiac Surgery: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Background: Many patients report moderate to severe pain in the acute postoperative period. Enhanced recovery protocols recommend multimodal analgesics, but the optimal combination of these is unknown.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to synthesize the best available evidence about effectiveness of multimodal analgesics on pain after adult cardiac surgery.