Homes Heat Health protocol: an observational cohort study measuring the effect of summer temperatures on sleep quality.

Introduction: Quality sleep is essential to our health and well-being. Summertime temperatures in the bedrooms of homes in temperate climates are increasing, especially in city apartments. There is very little empirical evidence of the effect of temperature on sleep when people are sleeping in their own bedroom.

The Standardization of the Emergency Department Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Events: Human Factors/Ergonomics Approach.

Objective: To provide standardized recommendations for the emergency department (ED) response to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) events by combining the human factors/ergonomics method of hierarchical task analysis with the theoretical framework for Work as Imagined versus Work as Done.

Methods: Document analyses were used to represent CBRN response operational procedures. Semi-structured interviews using scenario cards were carried out with 57 first receivers (ED staff) to represent CBRN practice at 2 acute hospitals in England.

Bus passenger injury prevention: Learning from onboard incidents.

Objective: Bus travel is relatively safe: however there remains a lack of understanding of passenger injury incidents onboard buses. The objective of this study was to understand more about onboard passenger incidents to help inform injury mitigation.

Methods: The UK national STATS19 data and Transport for London bus incident data (IRIS) were used to determine the size of the problem in Greater London.

Mental health and other factors associated with work productivity after injury in the UK: multicentre cohort study.

Introduction: Mental health conditions are a major contributor to productivity loss and are common after injury. This study quantifies postinjury productivity loss and its association with preinjury and postinjury mental health, injury, demographic, health, social and other factors.

Methods: Multicentre, longitudinal study recruiting hospitalised employed individuals aged 16-69 years with unintentional injuries, followed up at 1, 2, 4 and 12 months.

Characterisation of mobile colistin resistance genes (mcr-3 and mcr-5) in river and storm water in regions of the Western Cape of South Africa.

Background: Colistin is regarded as a last-resort antimicrobial against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), therefore the dissemination of colistin resistance in the environment is of great concern. Horizontal transfer of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes to potential pathogens poses a serious problem. This study aimed to describe the presence of colistin resistant GNB and mcr genes in river and storm water in regions of the Western Cape.

Traffic-related air pollution reduction at UK schools during the Covid-19 lockdown.

Elevated urban Nitrogen Dioxide (NO) is a consequence of road traffic and other fossil-fuel combustion sources, and the road transport sector provides a significant contribution to UK NO emissions. The inhalation of traffic-related air pollution, including NO, can cause a range of problems to human health. Due to their developing organs, children are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution inhalation.

Development of an expert derived ICD-AIS map for serious AIS3+ injury identification.

The objective of the mapping project was to develop an expert derived map between the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) clinical modifications (CM) and the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) to be able to relate AIS severity to ICD coded data road traffic collision data in EU datasets. The maps were developed to enable the identification of serious AIS3+ injury and provide details of the mapping process for assumptions to be made about injury severity from mass datasets. This article describes in detail the mapping process of the International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes to the Abbreviated Injury Scale 2005, Update 2008 (AIS08) codes to identify injury with an AIS severity of 3 or more (AIS3+ severity) to determine 'serious' (MAIS3+) road traffic injuries.

Early childhood caries and dental treatment need in low socio-economic communities in Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a particularly severe problem in low socio-economic communities which impacts the overall health and well-being of children. The extensive waiting lists for general anaesthesia and sedation services at the only tertiary dental care centre in the study area for the treatment of children with ECC were an indication of the extent of the problem. The true extent of the problem in this area was, however, not known.

Urban local air quality management framework for non-attainment areas in Indian cities.

Increasing urban air pollution level in Indian cities is one of the major concerns for policy makers due to its impact on public health. The growth in population and increase in associated motorised road transport demand is one of the major causes of increasing air pollution in most urban areas along with other sources e.g.

Identifying MAIS 3+ injury severity collisions in UK police collision records.

Objective: This study represents the first stage of a project to identify serious injury, at the level of Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) 3 + (excluding fatal collisions) from within the police collision data. The resulting data will then be used to identify the vehicle drivers concerned and in later studies these will be culpability scored and profiled to allow targeting of interventions.

Method: UK police collision data known as STATS19 for the county of Cambridgeshire were linked using Stata with Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) hospital trauma patient data for the same geographical area for the period April 2012 to March 2017.

Transcriptional memory of cells of origin overrides β-catenin requirement of MLL cancer stem cells.

While β-catenin has been demonstrated as an essential molecule and therapeutic target for various cancer stem cells (CSCs) including those driven by MLL fusions, here we show that transcriptional memory from cells of origin predicts AML patient survival and allows β-catenin-independent transformation in MLL-CSCs derived from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-enriched LSK population but not myeloid-granulocyte progenitors. Mechanistically, β-catenin regulates expression of downstream targets of a key transcriptional memory gene, that is highly enriched in LSK-derived MLL-CSCs and helps sustain leukemic self-renewal. Suppression of sensitizes LSK-derived MLL-CSCs to β-catenin inhibition resulting in abolishment of CSC transcriptional program and transformation ability.

Psychological morbidity and return to work after injury: multicentre cohort study.

Background: The benefits of work for physical, psychological, and financial wellbeing are well documented. Return to work (RTW) after unintentional injury is often delayed, and psychological morbidity may contribute to this delay. The impact of psychological morbidity on RTW after a wide range of unintentional injuries in the UK has not been adequately quantified.

Fatal and serious collisions involving pedal cyclists and trucks in London between 2007 and 2011.

Objective: Increased numbers of people riding pedal cycles have led to a greater focus on pedal cycle safety. The aim of this article is to explore factors that are associated with fatal and a small number of serious-injury pedal cyclist crashes involving trucks that occurred in London between 2007 and 2011.

Methods: Data were collected from police collision files for 53 crashes, 27 of which involved a truck (≥3.

Development of an expert based ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM map to AIS 2005 update 2008.

Objective: This article describes how maps were developed from the clinical modifications of the 9th and 10th revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) to the Abbreviated Injury Scale 2005 Update 2008 (AIS08). The development of the mapping methodology is described, with discussion of the major assumptions used in the process to map ICD codes to AIS severities. There were many intricacies to developing the maps, because the 2 coding systems, ICD and AIS, were developed for different purposes and contain unique classification structures to meet these purposes.

Seeking support after hospitalisation for injury: a nested qualitative study of the role of primary care.

Background: In the UK, studies suggest that the transition from hospital to home after an injury can be a difficult time and many patients report feeling inadequately prepared. Patients often use primary care services after hospital discharge. These consultations provide opportunities to consider problems that patients experience and to facilitate recovery.