First and Second Waves of Covid-19: A Comparative Study of the Clinical Presentation and Outcome among Hospitalized Patients in Lagos Nigeria.

Objective: Nigeria experienced many waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study compared the clinical presentations and mortality among hospitalized patients during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted.

The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on Tuberculosis (TB) case notification in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in disruptions in delivery of Tuberculosis services especially, in resource-limited settings. Provisional data by the WHO from 84 countries indicates that about 1.4 million fewer people received care for tuberculosis in 2020 than in 2019.

Expectations and experiences of urban and rural in-school adolescents of adolescent reproductive health services in oyo state, Nigeria.

Reproductive health information and services are fundamental to health, well-being and opportunities for women and young people, yet throughout the world, women and youths do not have access to quality reproductive health care thereby exposing them to unplanned pregnancy, teen birth, induced abortion as well as increased exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, HIV inclusive. This study is meant to explore the expectation of adolescents of an adolescent reproductive health services as well as to assess the experiences of those who had visited an ARHS at the centers. It was a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study, analytic in design using a multistage sampling technique where 452 secondary school pupils in both rural and urban communities were interviewed using a pretested validated questionnaire.

In silico molecular modeling and simulations of black tea theaflavins revealed theaflavin-3'-gallate as putative liver X receptor-beta agonist.

The low constitutive activation of Liver X receptor, an endogenous nuclear receptor with two subtypes (α and β), is a condition lying at the crossroad of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Both natural and synthetic Liver X receptor agonists have reportedly shown remarkable antiproliferative and atheroprotective effects but the repeated doses of its synthetic ones are also paradoxically associated with hyperlipidaemic effects and neurotoxicity, though attributed to the alpha subtype. This highlights the need for novel, safe, and potent LXR-beta-selective agonists.

Knowledge and Attitude of Fathers towards Childhood Vaccination in Ogun State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study.

Ackground/objectives: Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) have been shown to account for one-fifth of deaths among under-fives. Father's knowledge and attitude greatly influence the approval and uptake of childhood vaccination in patriarchal communities. This study aimed to assess and compare fathers' knowledge and attitude to childhood vaccination in urban and rural communities of Ogun State, Nigeria.

Medication use among pregnant women at a secondary health institution: utilisation patterns and predictors of quantity.

Background: Despite the lack of adequate studies on the safety of drugs in pregnancy, surprisingly, available evidence shows that pregnant women still take large number of drugs.

Objectives: The study aim was to determine drug utilization pattern and predictors of number of medications used by pregnant women.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of 369 pregnant women attending a secondary health facility.

10-year risk for cardiovascular diseases using WHO prediction chart: findings from the civil servants in South-western Nigeria.

Background: Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have continued to ravage the human existence through the premature deaths of its workforce. Despite this burden, many studies in Nigeria have focused on determining the prevalence of risk factors which alone are insufficient to assess the risk of future cardiovascular events. Therefore, we determined the pattern and predictors of 10-year risk for CVDs in South-western Nigeria.

MODIC CHANGES IN ADULTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA.

Background: Modic changes in the endplates of the vertebral bodies have been associated with low back pain. There is however paucity of information on the pattern of Modic changes in the lumbosacral spine in Nigerians with low back pain.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of Modic changes in patients with chronic low back pain in our environment.

Hygiene Practices among Workers in Local Eateries of Orolu Community in South Western Nigeria.

Background: Activities of local food premises and monitoring of food handlers are usually not regulated.

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine food hygiene (FH) practices among food handlers in rural communities in South Western Nigeria.

Subjects And Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 235 food handlers; data collection was by interviewer administered questionnaires.

Posterior urethral valve with unilateral vesicoureteral reflux and patent urachus: A rare combination of urinary tract anomaliess.

Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a common cause of lower urinary tract obstruction in male infants with an incidence of 1:5000-8000. PUV continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and ongoing renal damage in infants and children. It can coexist with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in about 50% of cases and also with patent urachus in about one-third of cases.

Pattern of arthralgia in an urban community in Southwestern Nigeria.

Background: Arthritis is a common presentation among Nigerians, most especially in the elderly population. Easy access to over-the-counter drugs, paucity of data, and non-orthodox medical practice have underscored the need to examine the magnitude of the problem toward morbidity reduction risk factors. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of arthralgia in Osogbo community in Southwestern Nigeria.

Public perception of climate change and its impact on health and environment in rural southwestern Nigeria.

Background: Climate change (CC) has received extensive media attention recently, and it is currently on the international public health agenda. A study of knowledge and attitudes to climate change, most especially from rural Nigerian communities, is important for developing adaptation strategies. This is a study of public perceptions of CC and its impact on health and environment in rural southwestern Nigeria.

Prevalence of menstrual disorders among adolescent girls in Osogbo, South Western Nigeria.

Background: Menstrual disorders are common sources of morbidity among adolescent girls and often cause anxiety for these girls and their families.

Objective: This paper aims to determine the patterns of menstruation as well as the prevalence of menstrual disorders and their consequences among adolescent girls in Osogbo, South Western Nigeria.

Subjects: Adolescent school girls aged 10-19 years comprised the sample.

Determinants of utilization of traditional bone setters in Ilorin, north central Nigeria.

Background: Traditional bone setting (TBS) practice is an important part of health care delivery in many developing countries and has been in Nigeria for long. Despite the complications that arise from the cultural practice, TBS services is still in high demand by a significant number of people. This study was conducted to determine the factors that influence the utilization of TBS practice.

Barriers to use of modern contraceptives among women in an inner city area of Osogbo metropolis, Osun state, Nigeria.

Objectives: To determine the knowledge and attitudes on modern contraceptive use of women living in an inner city area of Osogbo.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred and fifty nine women of childbearing age were studied utilizing a community-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study design. A multistage random sampling technique was used in recruiting respondents to the study.

Prevalence and pattern of utilization of voluntary counseling and testing services and HIV infection in Ogbomoso, southwestern Nigeria.

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, infection has been a major problem across the globe with a high socioeconomic burden. Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is a measure put in place to encourage people to know their HIV status with essential counseling support to help them cope with a positive or a negative test result. This study was carried out to determine the utilization of VCT services, prevalence of HIV among VCT attendees, and the distribution of the viral infection based on gender and age in Ogbomoso, an urban community, southwestern Nigeria.

Community participation in malaria control in olorunda local government area, osun state, southwestern Nigeria.

Malaria is a major health burden in developing countries and needs multiple strategies for its control. Community participation as one of the strategies for malaria control promotes self-awareness and confidence, causes the people to examine the problems and to think positively about the solutions. The study was aimed at assessing the level of community participation in malaria control in Olorunda local government area of Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria.

Pattern of hand injuries among sawmill workers in Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria.

Background: About one-third of all work-related injuries happen to the hands, with enormous consequences ranging from deformities to mortalities. Characterizing injuries and their trends will allow safety managers to concentrate their resources on areas of safety that will be most effective in the sawmill workplace.

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess pattern of hand injuries among sawmill workers in Osogbo, Osun state in Southwestern Nigeria.

Prevalence and determinants of anemia among primary school pupils of a peri-urban community in Osun State, Nigeria.

Unlabelled: This study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of anemia and the determinants among primary school pupils in a peri-urban community.

Methods: The study is a descriptive cross sectional study of 141 pupils selected by a stratified sampling technique. Interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic variables, nutritional habits among others.

Assessment of violence against women in Kano metropolis, Nigeria.

Background: Violence against women, in its various forms, is endemic in communities and countries around the world, cutting across class, education, race, age, religious and national boundaries.

Aims And Objectives: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to identify various forms of gender based violence affecting women in Kano metropolis, determine factors responsible for gender based violence and use this to suggest ways of preventing gender based violence.

Subjects And Methods: Respondents for this study were selected from the eight metropolitan Local Government Areas of Kano State, Nigeria.

Sexual behavior and risk of HIV/AIDS among adolescents in public secondary schools in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.

Unlabelled: Young people are particularly vulnerable to unplanned sexual activities. This study sought to identify the sexual behaviors and risk of HIV among public secondary schools students in Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 521 students in eight randomly selected public secondary schools.

Demographic profile of mothers and their utilisation of maternal health-care services in Osun State, Nigeria.

Background: The provision of prenatal care and the promotion of institutional childbirth have the potential to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite this, high maternal and infant mortality is still being recorded in the developing countries and researchers still report low utilisation of maternal health care services in different communities in Nigeria.

Objective: This study examined the current level of utilisation of maternal health care in some rural and peri-urban communities of Olorunda Local Government Areas of Osun State in South Western Nigeria.

Knowledge and practices of poultry workers on prevention of avian flu in osogbo, osun state, Nigeria.

Introduction: Nigeria recorded its first case of avian flu among birds early in the year 2006 and by the third quarter of the year, about sixteen states of the country had been affected. Finding out the knowledge and practices of persons in close contact with birds as regards the avian flu would help to identify areas in need of focused attention and alert the coordinating agencies of the magnitude and prevalence of practices which may encourage the spread of the disease.

Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of poultry owners and workers in Osogbo, Osun State, southwestern Nigeria.