Publications by authors named "Jo Ann E Manson"
Background: Obesity, classified by body mass index (BMI), is associated with higher postmenopausal breast cancer (BCa) risk. Yet, the associations between abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with BCa are unclear.
Methods: We assessed BCa associations with abdominal VAT and SAT in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women without a history of cancer and with 27 years follow-up (N = 9950), during which all new cancers were adjudicated.
Background: The importance of integrating physical and psychosocial factors in assessing frailty -health outcomes has been increasingly acknowledged, while the related evidence is lacking. We sought to investigate the associations of joint physical-psychosocial frailty with risk of premature mortality and evaluate the relative importance of individual physical and psychosocial factors.
Design: A total of 381,295 participants with no history of cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD) were recruited from the UK Biobank cohort.
Background And Aims: To identify the patterns of coffee drinking timing in the US population and evaluate their associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Methods: This study included 40 725 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 who had complete information on dietary data and 1463 adults from the Women's and Men's Lifestyle Validation Study who had complete data on 7-day dietary record. Clustering analysis was used to identify patterns of coffee drinking timing.
Background: Epidemiological studies have been inconsistent regarding an association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and risk of primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.
Methods: We studied 85,189 postmenopausal women (mean age 63 years at baseline) without known CVD at enrollment into the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993-1998). PPI use was determined from medication inventories at baseline and Year-3.
Objective: To assess the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) in recently menopausal women with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume later in life and determine whether short-term menopausal hormone therapy (mHT) modifies these associations.
Methods: Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 4-year mHT trial (oral conjugated equine estrogens or transdermal 17β-estradiol). KEEPS continuation was an observational follow-up of the participants 10 years after the end of mHT.
The relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy and nuclear DNA (nDNA) methylation (CpGs) remains to be studied. We conducted an epigenome-wide association analysis of heteroplasmy burden scores across 10,986 participants (mean age 77, 63% women, and 54% non-White races/ethnicities) from seven population-based observational cohorts. We identified 412 CpGs (FDR p < 0.
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- Dietary guidelines suggest replacing animal protein with plant protein, but the optimal plant-to-animal protein ratio (P:A) for health benefits is still unclear.
- The study analyzed data from three large cohorts totaling over 200,000 participants and found that a higher P:A ratio was linked to a significantly reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary artery disease (CAD), although it did not affect stroke risk.
- Overall, the research indicates that increasing plant protein at the expense of animal protein can benefit heart health, particularly by substituting red and processed meats with plant-based options.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to explore how different types of chocolate consumption (dark, milk, and total chocolate) affect the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) among participants in three major US health studies.
- It included over 192,000 participants who were initially free of T2D and monitored for several years, collecting data on their chocolate intake and T2D incidence.
- Results indicated that those consuming 5 or more servings of dark chocolate weekly had a 21% lower risk of developing T2D, while total chocolate consumption suggested a 10% risk reduction, but no significant benefits were found for milk chocolate.
Aims/hypothesis: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, but evidence from randomised trials on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation is limited, especially for average-risk populations. The Finnish Vitamin D Trial (FIND) investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation at two different doses on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a generally healthy older adult population.
Methods: FIND was a 5 year randomised placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial among 2271 male and female participants aged ≥60 years and ≥65 years, respectively, from a general Finnish population who were free of CVD or cancer and did not use diabetes medications.
Background: Findings from Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS)-Cog trial suggested no cognitive benefit or harm after 48 months of menopausal hormone therapy (mHT) initiated within 3 years of final menstrual period. To clarify the long-term effects of mHT initiated in early postmenopause, the observational KEEPS Continuation Study reevaluated cognition, mood, and neuroimaging effects in participants enrolled in the KEEPS-Cog and its parent study the KEEPS approximately 10 years after trial completion. We hypothesized that women randomized to transdermal estradiol (tE2) during early postmenopause would show cognitive benefits, while oral conjugated equine estrogens (oCEE) would show no effect, compared to placebo over the 10 years following randomization in the KEEPS trial.
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- Researchers studied plasma proteomic profiles linked to subclinical mutations in blood cells, particularly focusing on clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and its connection to various health outcomes, including coronary artery disease (CAD).
- The study involved a large, diverse group of participants and identified a significant number of unique proteins associated with key driver genes, showing differences based on genetics, sex, and race.
- Methods like Mendelian randomization and mouse model tests helped clarify the causal effects of these proteins, revealing shared plasma proteins between CHIP and CAD that could inform future clinical insights.
Background: Evidence is lacking on the relative contributions of specific lifestyle factors and their overall contribution to prevention of hypertension, in particular early-onset hypertension.
Methods: This prospective cohort study included participants of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, N = 52,780 women, aged 40-67 in 1986), the NHS II (N = 83,871 women, aged 27-46 in 1991), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, N = 31,269 men, aged 40-75 in 1986), who were free from hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Four modifiable lifestyles were evaluated based on hypertension guidelines: BMI, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and alcohol intake.
Background: Dysglycemia and insulin resistance increase type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, yet associations with specific glucose-insulin homeostatic biomarkers have been inconsistent. Vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) may improve insulin resistance. We sought to examine the association between baseline levels of insulin, C-peptide, HbA1c, and a novel insulin resistance score (IRS) with incident cardiometabolic diseases, and whether randomized vitamin D or n-3 FA modify these associations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Relationships between lifestyle risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in women with breast cancer (BC) are underexplored.
Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of CVD in relation to the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score among women with BC.
Methods: Data from the Women's Health Initiative were utilized.
The effect of a healthy low-carbohydrate diet (HLCD) and time-restricted eating (TRE), alone or in combination, on body weight and gut microbiome beyond caloric restriction remains unclear. In this 12-week two-by-two factorial randomized trial with a 28-week follow-up among 96 participants with overweight or obesity, isocaloric-restricted feeding yields significant weight loss, ranging from 2.57 to 4.
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- The study explored the link between a proteomic signature related to body mass index (BMI) and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), focusing on ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF).
- Analyzing data from over 40,000 participants, researchers found that higher pro-BMI scores were associated with increased risks of IHD and HF, independent of actual BMI, with specific hazard ratios indicating substantial risk for both conditions.
- The results suggest that measuring plasma proteins in relation to BMI could help in better diagnosing obesity and tailoring personalized treatments for cardiovascular risks.
Article Synopsis
- Whole genome sequencing (WGS) helps identify rare genetic variants that may explain the missing heritability of coronary artery disease (CAD) by analyzing 4,949 cases and 17,494 controls from the NHLBI TOPMed program.
- The study estimates that the heritability of CAD is around 34.3%, with ultra-rare variants contributing about 50%, especially those with low linkage disequilibrium.
- Functional annotations show significant enrichment of CAD heritability, highlighting the importance of ultra-rare variants and specific regulatory mechanisms in different cells as major factors influencing genetic risk for the disease.
Relationships between APOE, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci
October 2024
Background: The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well-established risk factors for dementia. Relationships between APOE and incidence of T2DM and CVD are not fully understood but may shed light on the mechanisms underlying dementia pathogenesis.
Methods: Postmenopausal women (N=6,795) from the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy clinical trial with APOE genotyping and no prior diagnosis of T2DM or CVD were included.
Background: Women who reach menarche and menopause at earlier ages have been shown to be at increased risk for numerous conditions including cardiovascular disease, cancer, depression, and obesity; however, risk factors for earlier ages of menarche and menopause are not fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to perform a retrospective investigation of the associations between a personal birthweight and/or being born preterm and the age of and menarche and menopause and related events in the Women's Health Initiative, a large, racially and ethnically diverse cohort of postmenopausal women.
Methods: At study entry, women reported their birthweight by category (< 6 lbs.
Healthy dietary patterns have been linked to a decreased risk of chronic diseases. However, it remains uncertain whether proteomic signatures can reflect proteome response to healthy diet patterns, and whether these proteomic signatures are associated with health outcomes. Using data from the UK Biobank including Olink plasma proteins, we identified substantial proteomic variation in relation to adherence to eight healthy dietary patterns.
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- Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major health issue in the U.S., and improved prediction models could help in early detection and intervention.
- Researchers developed a deep learning autoencoder survival analysis model (AESurv) that analyzes DNA methylation and clinical data to predict CHD events more accurately.
- The AESurv model outperformed traditional survival analysis models in two studies, showing strong potential for improving early CHD prediction and aiding healthcare professionals in managing patient care.
Background: Data on the relation of potato consumption with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited and inconsistent. It is unclear whether the plant-based diet index (PDI), which is a novel and comprehensive tool to assess overall dietary pattern, modifies the association of potato intake with T2D.
Objectives: We examined the association of total, combined baked, boiled, and mashed potatoes and fried potatoes with risk of T2D and test the interaction between PDI score and potato consumption on T2D risk.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the links between total and specific ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke across three large cohorts of U.S. adults.
- Researchers utilized food frequency questionnaires and statistical models to analyze data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) involving nearly 206,000 participants.
- Findings indicated that higher total UPF intake was associated with increased risks of CVD and CHD, while specific UPF groups like sugary drinks and processed meats showed stronger links to CVD than others like bread and cold cereals, which had lesser or inverse associations
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the link between nighttime aircraft noise and hypertension risk using data from the Nurses' Health Studies, focusing on female nurses across the U.S. from 1995 to 2015.
- - Researchers analyzed annual average nighttime noise levels around 90 airports and assessed new hypertension cases among participants who were initially free of the condition.
- - The findings suggest a modest association between exposure to higher levels of aircraft noise (≥45 dB) and increased hypertension risk, indicating that sleep disturbances caused by noise may contribute to cardiovascular issues.