Impacts of Weather Anomalies and Climate on Plant Disease.

Predicting the effects of climate change on plant disease is critical for protecting ecosystems and food production. Here, we show how disease pressure responds to short-term weather, historical climate and weather anomalies by compiling a global database (4339 plant-disease populations) of disease prevalence in both agricultural and wild plant systems. We hypothesised that weather and climate would play a larger role in disease in wild versus agricultural plant populations, which the results supported.

Psoriasis: Perspectives from Irwin M. Braverman, MD.

Dr. Irwin M. Braverman is recognized as an expert on many skin diseases including psoriasis, an immune-mediated disorder that presents with scaly erythematous plaques.

Reevaluating the Need for Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Adult Upper Extremity Surgery With Hardware.

Background: Although it is well established that antibiotic prophylaxis is not needed in soft tissue upper extremity cases, there is still no definitive consensus when hardware implantation is involved. We hypothesize that antibiotic prophylaxis is not necessary and there is no difference in postoperative surgical site infection rates regardless of preoperative antibiotic administration.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on upper extremity surgical cases with hardware implantation performed at a single institution amongst 5 hand surgeons between November 2021 and November 2023.

The role of a structured community health worker network in achieving malaria elimination goals in the Dominican Republic: An impact evaluation amid COVID-19 disruptions.

Community health workers (CHWs) can play a key role in malaria elimination through expanding access to malaria testing and treatment. The Dominican Republic, a low endemic country committed to eliminate malaria by 2025, implemented a structured malaria CHW network in the three main urban foci of Greater Santo Domingo. This research quantifies the networks' contributions towards malaria elimination from its implementation in 2019 until 2022.

Lithium Use During Pregnancy in 14 Countries.

Importance: In pregnancy, the benefits of lithium treatment for relapse prevention in psychiatric conditions must be weighed against potential teratogenic effects. Currently, there is a paucity of information on how and when lithium is used by pregnant women.

Objective: To examine lithium use in the perinatal period.

The relationship between air lead and blood lead in a modern US lead-acid battery facility: a longitudinal study.

Objectives: To date there has been little observational evidence on the relationship between air lead and blood lead at relatively low workplace air lead concentrations. This study sought to improve upon prior studies methodologically and aimed to examine this relationship in a modern workplace environment.

Methods: Personal measurements of air lead and blood lead concentrations were collected in a modern lead-acid battery manufacturing facility in the United States.

Effects of Postoperative Oral Corticosteroids on Infection Rates in Upper Extremity Surgery.

Background: The recent trend in administering postoperative oral corticosteroids has proven effective in alleviating pain and improving surgical outcomes for hand and upper extremity procedures. However, concerns persist regarding potential infection risks despite a lack of supporting evidence in the current literature. We propose that a 6-day regimen of low-dose postoperative oral corticosteroids is safe and does not increase the likelihood of surgical site infections (SSIs) in adult upper extremity surgeries.

Association between fine particulate matter and eczema: A cross-sectional study of the All of Us Research Program and the Center for Air, Climate, and Energy Solutions.

Background: The prevalence of eczema has increased with industrialization. Industrial practices generate ambient air pollution, including fine particulate matter of diameter ≤ 2.5μm (PM2.

Malaria treatment for prevention: a modelling study of the impact of routine case management on malaria prevalence and burden.

Background: Testing and treating symptomatic malaria cases is crucial for case management, but it may also prevent future illness by reducing mean infection duration. Measuring the impact of effective treatment on burden and transmission via field studies or routine surveillance systems is difficult and potentially unethical. This project uses mathematical modeling to explore how increasing treatment of symptomatic cases impacts malaria prevalence and incidence.

Impact of Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) and Its Treatment on the Risk of Adverse Events Following Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema, is a highly prevalent, chronic inflammatory skin condition. The perioperative outcomes of patients with AD after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have not been characterized.

Methods: Adult patients who underwent TKA were identified in the PearlDiver administrative database.

Bipolar disorder among individuals with atopic dermatitis: A case-control study in the All of Us Research Program.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) has been associated with psychiatric comorbidities.

Objectives: To characterize the association between AD and bipolar disorder (BPD) with a case-control study of the NIH All of Us Research Program.

Methods: Utilizing Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine diagnostic codes, we identified cases of AD.

Non-invasive epidermal proteome assessment-based diagnosis and molecular subclassification of psoriasis and eczematous dermatitis.

Background: Immunologic heterogeneity is known to exist within both eczematous dermatitis and psoriasis; however, selection of molecularly targeted therapies for individual patients generally does assess for or incorporate such information about patient-specific immune changes.

Objective: We sought to develop a rapid, non-invasive method for obtaining and analyzing epidermal protein biomarkers from skin and utilize this methodology to dissect immunologic heterogeneity in both psoriasis and eczematous dermatitis.

Methods: We optimize and evaluate detergent-based immune profiling system (DIPS) which utilizes a combination of two detergents to solubilize full-thickness epidermis when applied to the skin with an applicator.

Shared neutrophil and T cell dysfunction is accompanied by a distinct interferon signature during severe febrile illnesses in children.

Severe febrile illnesses in children encompass life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by diverse pathogens and other severe inflammatory syndromes. A comparative approach to these illnesses may identify shared and distinct features of host immune dysfunction amenable to immunomodulation. Here, using immunophenotyping with mass cytometry and cell stimulation experiments, we illustrate trajectories of immune dysfunction in 74 children with multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2, 30 with bacterial infection, 16 with viral infection, 8 with Kawasaki disease, and 42 controls.