Astragaloside IV ameliorates diet-induced hepatic steatosis in obese mice by inhibiting intestinal FXR via intestinal flora remodeling.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major clinical and public health burden worldwide with no established pharmacological therapy. Changes in the intestinal flora and associated metabolite bile acids (BAs) have been described in NAFLD. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a low drug permeability saponin with protective effects against multiple diseases.

Phillygenin ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via TFEB-mediated lysosome biogenesis and lipophagy.

Background: Lipophagy is an autophagic process, which delivers the intracellular lipid droplets to the lysosomes for degradation. Recent studies revealed that the impairment of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux led to dysregulation of lipophagy in hepatocytes, which exacerbated the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, agents restoring autophagic flux and lipophagy in hepatocytes may have therapeutic potential against this increasingly prevalent disease.

Intestinal Flora Mediates Antiobesity Effect of Rutin in High-Fat-Diet Mice.

Scope: Intestinal flora plays a critical role in the development of . Rutin is a natural flavonoid with potential prebiotic effects on regulating the intestinal flora composition that is beneficial for host health. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that rutin supplementation has beneficial effects on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic disorder through the modulation of intestinal flora in mice.

Iturin A Extracted From WL-2 Affects via Cell Structure Disruption, Oxidative Stress, and Energy Supply Dysfunction.

Potato late blight, caused by (Mont.) de Bary, represents a great food security threat worldwide and is difficult to control. Recently, spp.

WL-3 Lipopeptides Collaborate Against to Control Potato Late Blight and Promote Potato Plant Growth.

Oomycete [(Mont.) de Bary] is the cause of potato late blight, a plant disease which poses a serious threat to our global food security and is responsible for huge economic losses worldwide. Lipopeptides produced by species are known to be potent antibacterial compounds against many plant pathogens.

Surfactin and fengycin B extracted from Bacillus pumilus W-7 provide protection against potato late blight via distinct and synergistic mechanisms.

Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most serious plant diseases worldwide. Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) extracted from Bacillus strains exhibit a promising effect in the biocontrol of a variety of phytopathogens. However, the specific inhibitory effects and underlying mechanisms of CLPs against P.

Diversity and evolution of conotoxins in Conus virgo, Conus eburneus, Conus imperialis and Conus marmoreus from the South China Sea.

The venom peptides of cone snails are encoded by a large gene family, and can selectively bind to voltage-gated ion channels (Na⁺, K⁺ and Ca²⁺ channels) and to membrane receptors (nAChR, 5-HT3R, NMDAR). To identify novel conotoxin genes and analyze the evolution of typical conotoxin superfamily genes from different Conus species, we have constructed cDNA libraries derived from the venom ducts of Conus virgo, Conus eburneus, Conus imperialis and Conus marmoreus, which were collected from the South China Sea. 1312 transcripts from four Conus venom duct cDNA libraries were analyzed and 38.

[One-step cytometric bead array for rapid detection of Potato Virus A].

Objective: Based on immunoassay, we developed a method to detect Potato Virus A (PVA) using one-step cytometric bead array (CBA).

Methods: Using fluorescent beads as carriers, we formed the complexes of bead-capture antibody-PVA-fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC) labeled detection antibody by immunoreaction of double antibody sandwich on bead surface. We measured the fluorescent signals produced from beads and from FITC with a multiparameter flow cytometer.

Rapid determination of hazardous compounds in food based on a competitive fluorescence microsphere immunoassay.

Development of a microsphere-based competitive fluorescence immunoassay for the determination of hazardous low-molecular-weight compounds in food is described. In this method, antigens are covalently bound to carboxy-modified microspheres to compete monoclonal antibody with low-molecular-weight compounds in food samples; mouse IgG/fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate is used as the fluorescent molecular probe. Thus, the hazardous low-molecular-weight compounds are quantified using a multiparameter flow cytometer.

JAB1 accelerates mitochondrial apoptosis by interaction with proapoptotic BclGs.

The Bcl-2 family of proteins is the key regulators of cell apoptosis at the mitochondria level. The BH3-only pro-apoptotic member BclGs was unique among the family due to its highly specific expression in human testis and has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis dependent on the BH3 domain. However, the molecular mechanism of BclGs-induced apoptosis remains unclear.

The function study on the interaction between Grb2 and AMPK.

Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) is an extensively studied adaptor protein involved in cell signaling. Grb2 is a highly flexible protein composed of a single SH2 domain flanked by two SH3 domains. The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), functions as a cellular fuel gauge that regulates metabolic pathways in glucose and fatty acid metabolism and protein synthesis.