Sustaining Surface Lithiophilicity of Ultrathin Li-Alloy Coating Layers on Current Collector for Zero-Excess Li-Metal Batteries.

Zero-excess Li-metal batteries (ZE-LMBs) have emerged as the ultimate battery platform, offering an exceptionally high energy density. However, the absence of Li-hosting materials results in uncontrolled dendritic Li deposition on the Cu current collector, leading to chronic loss of Li inventory and severe electrolyte decomposition, limiting its full utilization upon cycling. This study presents the application of ultrathin (≈50 nm) coatings comprising six metallic layers (Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, W, and Fe) on Cu substrates in order to provide insights into the design of Li-depositing current collectors for stable ZE-LMB operation.

Reimagining a pass/fail clinical core clerkship: a US residency program director survey and meta-analysis.

Pass/fail (P/F) grading has emerged as an alternative to tiered clerkship grading. Systematically evaluating existing literature and surveying program directors (PD) perspectives on these consequential changes can guide educators in addressing inequalities in academia and students aiming to improve their residency applications. In our survey, a total of 1578 unique PD responses (63.

Comparative Study of Sampling and Measurement Methods for the Development of CH Emission Factors at MSW Incinerators.

Lung samplers (periodic sampling) have generally been used to develop CH emission factors in waste incineration facilities. Since this method must be calculated using only the value at a specific point in time, it may not reflect the emission characteristics depending on the circumstances of the facility. In order to supplement this method, a method of continuously collecting samples for a long period of time or continuously measuring may be used.

Study on Enhanced Methods for Calculating NH Emissions from Fertilizer Application in Agriculture Sector.

Ammonia is a representative PM-2.5 secondary product, and the need for management is emerging as health and living damage caused by fine particulate matter worsens. The main source of ammonia is the agricultural sector, and in Korea, 79% of the total ammonia emissions are emitted from the agricultural sector.

Mixed Use of Bio-Oil in Oil Power Plants: Should It Be Considered When Developing NH Emission Factors?

In order to cope with recent climate change, Korea is reducing the use of heavy oil in petroleum-fired power plants and mixing bio-oils. Accordingly, this must be taken into account when calculating the emissions of air pollutants. However, in the case of Korea, when calculating NH emissions, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission factor is applied as it is to calculate emissions, and for petroleum power plants, the heavy oil emission factor proposed by EPA is used as it is to calculate emissions.