Predicting Treatment Responses in Patients With Osteoarthritis: Results From Two Phase III Tanezumab Randomized Clinical Trials.

Prediction of treatment responses is essential to move forward translational science. Our question was to identify patient-based variables that predicted responses to treatments. We conducted secondary analyses on pooled data from two randomized phase III clinical trials (NCT02697773 and NCT02709486) conducted in participants with moderate to severe osteoarthritis randomized to subcutaneous placebo (n = 514) or tanezumab 2.

The default-interventionist model underlies premise typicality weakening the premise diversity effect during category-based induction: Event-related potentials evidence.

The diversity effect during category-based induction (CBI) means that the more diverse the evidence, the higher will be the conclusion's inductive strength. However, it is influenced by the premise typicality. Three competitive cognitive processing models account for this influence: (1) The pre-emptive conflict resolution model assumes that only premise typicality activates; (2) the parallel-competitive model assumes that premise typicality and diversity activate in parallel; and (3) the default-interventionist model assumes that a default response of premise diversity first activates and is subsequently followed by premise typicality, or premise typicality activates first, followed by premise diversity.

The human mediodorsal thalamus: Organization, connectivity, and function.

The human mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) is crucial for higher cognitive functions, while the fine anatomical organization of the MD and the function of each subregion remain elusive. In this study, using high-resolution data provided by the Human Connectome Project, an anatomical connectivity-based method was adopted to unveil the topographic organization of the MD. Four fine-grained subregions were identified in each hemisphere, including the medial (MDm), central (MDc), dorsal (MDd), and lateral (MDl), which recapitulated previous cytoarchitectonic boundaries from histological studies.

Common and distinctive cognitive processes between categorization and category-based induction: Evidence from event-related potentials.

Categorization involves forming equivalence classes of discriminable entities, whereas category-based induction (CBI) involves employing categorical knowledge to generalize novel properties. Previous studies have suggested either common or distinctive cognitive processing between categorization and CBI. However, no study has compared cognitive processes with the same stimuli sets using event-related potentials (ERPs), which help to determine the cognitive processes with a high temporal solution.

Clinical Characterization and the Caregiver Burden of Dementia in China.

Objectives: The prevalence of dementia in China is among the highest in the world, but systematic estimates of the rate of dementia subtypes and characterization of associated deficits are lacking. The primary aim of this study was to determine the clinical presentation of dementia and describe the caregiver burden in mainland China.

Methods: A 3-month, open-enrollment, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted at 48 tier-3 hospitals.