An improved deep convolutional generative adversarial network for quantification of catechins in fermented black tea.

The rapid and non-destructive quantification of catechins in fermented black tea is crucial for evaluating the quality of black tea. The combination of hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics has been applied for quantitative detection, but its performance is usually constrained by the limited dataset size. Targeted at the challenge of insufficient samples in regression analysis of catechins, this study proposes an improved deep convolutional generative adversarial network with labeling module, named as DCGAN-L for hyperspectral data augmentation.

Recent advances and applications of laser-based imaging techniques in food crops and products: a critical review.

To meet the growing demand for food quality and safety, there is a pressing need for fast and visible techniques to monitor the food crop and product production processing, and to understand the chemical changes that occur during these processes. Herein, the fundamental principles, instruments, and characteristics of three major laser-based imaging techniques (LBITs), namely, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, are introduced. Additionally, the advances, challenges, and prospects for the application of LBITs in food crops and products are discussed.

In-situ and fast classification of origins of Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba) slices based on auto-focus laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

In this Letter, a rapid origin classification device and method for Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba) slices based on auto-focus laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is proposed. The enhancement of spectral signal intensity and stability through auto-focus was investigated, as were different preprocessing methods, with area normalization (AN) achieving the best results-increasing by 7.74%-but unable to replace the improved spectral signal quality provided by auto-focus.

Identification of geographical origins of Radix Paeoniae Alba using hyperspectral imaging with deep learning-based fusion approaches.

The Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with numerous clinical and nutritional benefits. Rapid and accurate identification of the geographical origins of Baishao is crucial for planters, traders and consumers. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was used in this study to acquire spectral images of Baishao samples from its two sides.

Design and Optimization of Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exoskeleton with a Multiaxial Knee Joint.

To facilitate rehabilitation training for patients, we proposed the implementation of an anthropomorphic exoskeleton structure that incorporates a variable instantaneous center of rotation (ICR). This design considers the variability in knee ICR among individuals, resulting from the irregular form of the human knee joint, and leverages a double-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) five-bar mechanism to adapt to these differences. The walking gait of the human lower limb and the corresponding knee ICR were measured and calculated using an optical 3D motion capture system.

Trends in digital detection for the quality and safety of herbs using infrared and Raman spectroscopy.

Herbs have been used as natural remedies for disease treatment, prevention, and health care. Some herbs with functional properties are also used as food or food additives for culinary purposes. The quality and safety inspection of herbs are influenced by various factors, which need to be assessed in each operation across the whole process of herb production.

Agarose Film-Based Liquid-Solid Conversion for Heavy Metal Detection of Water Samples by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) shows promising applications in the analysis of environmental heavy metals. However, direct analysis in water by LIBS faces the problems of droplet splashing and laser energy decay. In this study, a novel liquid-solid conversion method based on agarose films is proposed to provide an easy-to-operate and sensitive detection of heavy metals.

Chromium in soil detection using adaptive weighted normalization and linear weighted network framework for LIBS matrix effect reduction.

Rapid and accurate detection of agricultural soil chromium (Cr) is of great significance for soil pollution assessment. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) could serve as a rapid and chemical-free method for hazardous metal analysis compared with conventional chemical methods. However, the detection of LIBS is interfered by uncertainty and matrix effect.

Fast detection of minerals in rice leaves under chromium stress based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Minerals in rice leaves is a crucial indicator of plant health, and their concentrations can be used to guide plant management. It is important to predict mineral content in contaminated rice rapidly. In this study, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to quantify minerals (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and Na) in rice leaves under chromium (Cr) stress.

Research on Dynamic Measurement Method of Flow Rate in Tea Processing.

Tea flow rate is a key indicator in tea production and processing. Due to the small real-time flow of tea leaves on the production line, the noise caused by the transmission system is greater than or close to the real signal of tea leaves. This issue may affect the dynamic measurement accuracy of tea flow.

Natural P-gp inhibitor EGCG improves the acteoside absorption in Caco-2 cell monolayers and increases the oral bioavailability of acteoside in rats.

Acteoside is one of the most widespread phenylethanoid glycosides with pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, neuroprotective property, etc. However, its bioavailability is poor due to the low absorption and P-gp efflux. This study aimed to select food derived P-gp inhibitors for promoting the acteoside absorption and investigate whether the inhibitors could increase the bioavailability and stability of acteoside.

Fast Classification of Geographical Origins of Honey Based on Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis.

Traceability of honey is highly required by consumers and food administration with the consideration of food safety and quality. In this study, a technique named laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to fast trace geographical origins of acacia honey and multi-floral honey. LIBS emissions from elements of Mg, Ca, Na, and K had significant differences among different geographical origins.

Fast Quantification of Honey Adulteration with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Chemometric Methods.

Honey adulteration is a major issue in food production, which may reduce the effective components in honey and have a detrimental effect on human health. Herein, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with chemometric methods was used to fast quantify the adulterant content. Two common types of adulteration, including mixing acacia honey with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and rape honey, were quantified with univariate analysis and partial least squares regression (PLSR).

Fast visualization of distribution of chromium in rice leaves by re-heating dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric methods.

Knowledge of distribution of toxic metal in crop is essential for studying toxic metal uptake, transportation and bioaccumulation, and it is important for environmental pollution monitoring. In this study, the macro spatial distribution of chromium in rice leaves was visualized by re-heating dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (DPLIBS) and chemometric methods. After the optimization of two important parameters (delay time and energy ratio) in DPLIBS, chromium prediction model was established based on global spectra.

High-accuracy and fast determination of chromium content in rice leaves based on collinear dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric methods.

Dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (DPLIBS) and chemometric methods were used to predict chromium content in rice leaves, along with the purpose for increasing the detection sensitivity and accuracy. The influence of important parameters in DPLIBS were investigated and optimized. Then, partial least square (PLS) was used to establish chromium content prediction models, and the value of regression coefficient based on PLS was applied to determine feature variables.

Rapid Identification of Kudzu Powder of Different Origins Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

The rapid identification of kudzu powder of different origins is of great significance for studying the authenticity identification of Chinese medicine. The feasibility of rapidly identifying kudzu powder origin was investigated based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology combined with chemometrics methods. The discriminant models based on the full spectrum include extreme learning machine (ELM), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and random forest (RF), and the accuracy of models was more than 99.

Deep Learning Associated with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the Prediction of Lead in Soil.

In this study, a method based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was developed to detect soil contaminated with Pb. Different levels of Pb were added to soil samples in which tobacco was planted over a period of two to four weeks. Principal component analysis and deep learning with a deep belief network (DBN) were implemented to classify the LIBS data.

Rapid Determination of Cadmium Contamination in Lettuce Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

Quick access to cadmium (Cd) contamination in lettuce is important to supervise the leafy vegetable growth environment and market. This study aims to apply laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology for fast determination of Cd content and diagnosis of the Cd contamination degree in lettuce. Emission lines Cd II 214.

Quantitative Determination of Cd in Soil Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Air and Ar Conditions.

Rapid detection of Cd content in soil is beneficial to the prevention of soil heavy metal pollution. In this study, we aimed at exploring the rapid quantitative detection ability of laser- induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) under the conditions of air and Ar for Cd in soil, and finding a fast and accurate method for quantitative detection of heavy metal elements in soil. Spectral intensity of Cd and system performance under air and Ar conditions were analyzed and compared.

Quantitative Analysis of Cadmium in Tobacco Roots Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy With Variable Index and Chemometrics.

The study investigated some new developed variable indices and chemometrics for the fast detection of cadmium (Cd) in tobacco root samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The variables selection methods of interval partial least squares (iPLS), backward interval partial least squares (BiPLS), and successive projections algorithm (SPA) were used to locate the optimal Cd emission line for univariate analysis and to select the maximal relevant variables for multivariate analysis. iPLS and BiPLS located 10 Cd emission lines to establish univariate analysis models.

Quantitative Analysis of Nutrient Elements in Soil Using Single and Double-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

Rapid detection of soil nutrient elements is beneficial to the evaluation of crop yield, and it's of great significance in agricultural production. The aim of this work was to compare the detection ability of single-pulse (SP) and collinear double-pulse (DP) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for soil nutrient elements and obtain an accurate and reliable method for rapid detection of soil nutrient elements. 63 soil samples were collected for SP and collinear DP signal acquisition, respectively.

Fast Detection of Copper Content in Rice by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with Uni- and Multivariate Analysis.

Fast detection of heavy metals is very important for ensuring the quality and safety of crops. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), coupled with uni- and multivariate analysis, was applied for quantitative analysis of copper in three kinds of rice (Jiangsu rice, regular rice, and Simiao rice). For univariate analysis, three pre-processing methods were applied to reduce fluctuations, including background normalization, the internal standard method, and the standard normal variate (SNV).

Comparative Study of the Detection of Chromium Content in Rice Leaves by 532 nm and 1064 nm Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

Fast detection of toxic metals in crops is important for monitoring pollution and ensuring food safety. In this study, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to detect the chromium content in rice leaves. We investigated the influence of laser wavelength (532 nm and 1064 nm excitation), along with the variations of delay time, pulse energy, and lens-to-sample distance (LTSD), on the signal (sensitivity and stability) and plasma features (temperature and electron density).

Fast Detection of Striped Stem-Borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker) Infested Rice Seedling Based on Visible/Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging System.

Striped stem-borer (SSB) infestation is one of the most serious sources of damage to rice growth. A rapid and non-destructive method of early SSB detection is essential for rice-growth protection. In this study, hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometrics was used to detect early SSB infestation in rice and identify the degree of infestation (DI).