N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors induce M1 polarization of macrophages: Feasibility of targeted imaging in inflammatory response in vivo.

Background: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are considered to be involved in several physiological and pathophysiological processes in addition to the progression of neurological disorders. However, how NMDARs are involved in the glycolytic phenotype of M1 macrophage polarization and the possibility of using them as a bio-imaging probe for macrophage-mediated inflammation remain unclear.

Methods: We analyzed cellular responses to NMDAR antagonism and small interfering RNAs using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Nephrotoxicity evaluation and proteomic analysis in kidneys of rats exposed to thioacetamide.

Thioacetamide (TAA) was administered orally at 0, 10, and 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) daily to Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6-7 weeks for 28 consecutive days. Nephrotoxicity and proteomics were evaluated in the kidneys of rats exposed to TAA. The BW decreased, however, the relative kidneys weight increased.

Multi-Path and Group-Loss-Based Network for Speech Emotion Recognition in Multi-Domain Datasets.

Speech emotion recognition (SER) is a natural method of recognizing individual emotions in everyday life. To distribute SER models to real-world applications, some key challenges must be overcome, such as the lack of datasets tagged with emotion labels and the weak generalization of the SER model for an unseen target domain. This study proposes a multi-path and group-loss-based network (MPGLN) for SER to support multi-domain adaptation.

Sensor Data Acquisition and Multimodal Sensor Fusion for Human Activity Recognition Using Deep Learning.

In this paper, we perform a systematic study about the on-body sensor positioning and data acquisition details for Human Activity Recognition (HAR) systems. We build a testbed that consists of eight body-worn Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) sensors and an Android mobile device for activity data collection. We develop a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network framework to support training of a deep learning model on human activity data, which is acquired in both real-world and controlled environments.

Benexate hydrochloride betadex modulates nitric oxide synthesis and cytokine expression in gastric ulcers.

The present study investigated benexate hydrochloride betadex (BHB)-mediated ulcer healing, and changes to microcirculation modulated through nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and anti-inflammatory activity. A rat model of gastric mucosal injury was established through injection of a 60% acetic acid solution into the stomach. Following ulcer induction, the rats were administered BHB orally for 5 days at doses of 0, 100, 300 or 1,000 mg/kg.

Evaluation of toxicological biomarkers in secreted proteins of HepG2 cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and their expressions in the plasma of rats and incineration workers.

Toxicological biomarkers of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) were investigated in proteins secreted by HepG2 cells and their expression levels were determined in the plasma of rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD and in the plasma of incineration workers exposed to dioxins. HepG2 cells were treated with various concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (0, 0.25, 0.

Plasma proteomic analysis of patients infected with H1N1 influenza virus.

This study profiled the plasma proteins of patients infected by the 2011 H1N1 influenza virus. Differential protein expression was identified in plasma obtained from noninfected control subjects (n = 15) and H1N1-infected subjects (n = 15). Plasma proteins were separated by a 2DE large gel system and identified by nano-ultra performance LC-MS.

An innovative sample-to-answer polymer lab-on-a-chip with on-chip reservoirs for the POCT of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

A new sample-to-answer polymer lab-on-a-chip, which can perform immunoassay with minimum user intervention through on-chip reservoirs for reagents and single-channel assay system, has been designed, developed and successfully characterized as a point-of-care testing (POCT) cartridge for the detection of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Test results were obtained within 30 minutes after a sample was dropped into the POCT cartridge. The analyzed results of TSH showed a linear range of up to 55 μIU mL(-1) with the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.

The effect of polaprezinc on gastric mucosal protection in rats with ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage: comparison study with rebamipide.

Aims: Polaprezinc (PZ), which consists of l-carnosine and zinc, is widely used to treat gastric ulcers. We compared the effects of PZ with those of rebamipide (RM) on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, growth factors, and heat shock proteins (HSP) in a rat model.

Main Methods: Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to test groups according to the dose of PZ at 5, 10, or 30 mg/kg or RM at 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg.

Suppression of LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inflexanin B in BV2 microglial cells.

Microglia are a type of resident macrophage that functions as an inflammation modulator in the central nervous system. Over-activation of microglia by a range of stimuli disrupts the physiological homeostasis of the brain, and induces inflammatory response and degenerative processes, such as those implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Therefore, we investigated the possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms of inflexanin B in murine microglial BV2 cells.

Methylalpinumisoflavone inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in microglial cells by the NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathway.

Neuroinflammation is chronic inflammation within the brain that is attributed to prolonged activation of microglial cells and results in neurodegenerative events, such as neuronal dysfunction and neuronal loss. Therefore, suppression of neuroinflammation would theoretically slow progression of neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of 4'-O-methylalpinumisoflavone (methylalpinumisoflavone), isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata, against LPS-induced microglial activation in BV2 cells.

The expression of HSPs, anti-oxidants, and cytokines in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Objectives: We studied several acute inflammatory materials (AIM) such as various inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and heat shock proteins in ARDS patients by simultaneously measuring from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma.

Design And Methods: AIM were measured by using plasma and BALF sampling obtained from ARDS group (n=12) and non-ARDS group (n=12).

Results: In the BALF, only HSP 47 was significantly increased in ARDS group than non-ARDS group.

Toxicological biomarkers of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran in proteins secreted by HepG2 cells.

Using a proteomic approach, a study was conducted for determination of the effects of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,4,7,8-PCDF) on proteins secreted by HepG2 cells. Briefly, HepG2 cells were exposed to various concentrations of 2,3,4,7,8-PCDF for 24 or 48h. MTT and comet assays were then conducted for determination of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, respectively.

Ethanol-induced DNA damage and repair-related molecules in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells.

The acute administration of ethanol to intestinal epithelial cells causes increased intestinal permeability and the translocation of endotoxins. The changes caused by ethanol in intestinal cells may be related to oxidative stress and DNA damage. However, DNA damage and repair-related molecules which act against stresses, including ethanol, have not been fully investigated in intestinal cells.

Erythropoietin improves memory function with reducing endothelial dysfunction and amyloid-beta burden in Alzheimer's disease models.

Neurovascular degeneration contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because erythropoietin (EPO) promotes endothelial regeneration, we investigated the therapeutic effects of EPO in animal models of AD. In aged Tg2576 mice, EPO receptors (EPORs) were expressed in the cortex and hippocampus.

Proteomic analysis of proteins secreted by HepG2 cells treated with butyl benzyl phthalate.

Proteomic changes in proteins secreted by human hepatocellular carcinomas (HepG2) cells exposed to butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) were evaluated. HepG2 cells were treated with three different concentrations of BBP (0, 10, or 25 μM) for 24 or 48 h. Following incubation, the cells were subjected to proteomic analysis using two different pI ranges (4-7 and 6-9) and large-size two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Neuroprotective effects of constituents of Eragrostis ferruginea against Aβ-induced toxicity in PC12 cells.

A new flavonoid, 7-demethylageconyflavone A (1), and five known compounds, tricin (2), ageconyflavone A (3), corylin (4), nectandrin B (5), and 4-ketopinoresinol (6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Eragrostis ferruginea. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic techniques, including 1D- and 2D-NMR. All compounds were tested for the neuroprotective effects against amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) using PC12 cells, a major cause of the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.

The new diterpene isodojaponin D inhibited LPS-induced microglial activation through NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Neuroinflammation with prolonged microglial activation leads to increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and subsequently contributes to neuronal dysfunction and neuronal loss. Therefore, pharmacological suppression of neuroinflammation would theoretically slow the progression of neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and possible mechanisms of isodojaponin D (19-hydroxy-1alpha,6-diacetoxy-6,7-seco-ent-kaur-16-en-15-one-7,20-olide), a new diterpene isolated from Isodon japonicus against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microglial activation in BV2 cells.

Identification of toxicological biomarkers of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in proteins secreted by HepG2 cells using proteomic analysis.

The effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on proteins secreted by HepG2 cells were studied using a proteomic approach. HepG2 cells were exposed to various concentrations of DEHP (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 250 microM) for 24 or 48 h.

C-methylflavonoids isolated from Callistemon lanceolatus protect PC12 cells against Abeta-induced toxicity.

Increased beta-amyloid (Abeta) production and its aggregation to the oligomeric state is considered to be a major cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, reducing Abeta-induced neurotoxicity could provide a suitable means of prevention or intervention in the disease course of AD. The neuroprotective effects of isolates from Callistemon lanceolatus DC.

Neuroprotective effects of the new diterpene, CBNU06 against beta-amyloid-induced toxicity through the inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway in PC12 cells.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, causing progressive cognitive dysfunction, particularly memory loss. Recently, modulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) toxicity, one of the major potential causes of Alzheimer's disease, has emerged as a possible therapeutic approach to control the onset of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and possible mechanisms by which 19-hydroxy-1alpha,6-diacetoxy-6,7-seco-ent-kaur-16-en-15-one-7,20-olide (named as CBNU06), a new diterpene isolated from Isodon japonicus, acts against Abeta-induced toxicity in PC12 cells.

Delphinidin ameliorates beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting calcium influx and tau hyperphosphorylation.

Beta-amyloid (Abeta) has been suggested to induce neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated the neuroprotective effects of delphinidin, an anthocyanidin commonly present in pigmented fruits and vegetables, against Abeta-induced toxicity. Abeta (25-35) significantly decreased the viability of PC12 cells, and this was accompanied by an increase in intracellular calcium levels and tau phosphorylation.

Contamination of chicken meat with Salmonella enterica Serovar Haardt with nalidixic acid resistance and reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility.

Salmonella contamination in chicken meat was studied with 100 chicken meat samples purchased from 55 shops located in various regions. A total of 21 isolates of Salmonella enterica were isolated from 21 chicken meat samples from four shops located at open markets, whereas there were none from supermarkets with well-equipped cold systems. Among these, 18 isolates were identified as Salmonella enterica serotype Haardt (S.

Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 using different detection methods and molecular determination by multiplex PCR and RAPD.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is recognized as a significant food-borne pathogen, so rapid identification is important for food hygiene management and prompt epidemiological investigations. The limited prevalence data on Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and E.