A Composite Endpoint for Treatment Benefit According to Patient Preference.

Complex disorders usually affect multiple symptom domains measured by several outcomes. The importance of these outcomes is often different among patients. Current approaches integrate multiple outcomes without considering patient preferences at the individual level.

Adsorption of three bivalent metals by four chemical distinct microplastics.

Microplastics (MPs), the appearance of which has gained considerable interest, can act as vectors to transport other pollutants such as metals into organisms. In this study, the sorption isotherms of three model heavy metals (i.e.

Numerical simulation of seasonality in the distribution and fate of pyrene in multimedia aquatic environments with Markov chains.

This case study investigated the distribution and fate of organic pollutants in aquatic environments based on laboratory experiments and modeling. Pyrene (Pyr) is a hydrocarbon pollutant with adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health, and was thus selected for this case study. The movement of Pyr was primarily influenced by its sorption from water onto sediment, and its desorption from sediment into water.

Arsenic removal by iron-modified activated carbon.

Iron-impregnated activated carbons have been found to be very effective in arsenic removal. Oxyanionic arsenic species such as arsenate and arsenite adsorb at the iron oxyhydroxide surface by forming complexes with the surface sites. Our goal has been to load as much iron within the carbon pores as possible while also rendering as much of the iron to be available for sorbing arsenic.