Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine-containing oral gels against aspiration pneumonia-inducing bacteria: An study.

Aim: Hospitalised patients have a high risk of developing aspiration pneumonia because of poor oral care and oral microbial flora changes. Chlorhexidine (CHX) solution has been used to reduce inflammation and prevent infections in oral cavity, but it is difficult to use in inpatients. Gel-type antimicrobial agents rather than the liquid form may be effective for the oral management of hospitalised patients.

Linezolid-induced black hairy tongue in a patient with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A case report.

The revised World Health Organization guidelines on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis include linezolid in the core drugs group. Consequently, the use of linezolid for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is increasing. Common adverse events of long-term linezolid use include bone marrow suppression and neuropathies.

Clinical course of asymptomatic malignant pleural effusion in non-small cell lung cancer patients: A multicenter retrospective study.

The British Thoracic Society guidelines recommend observation for patients with asymptomatic malignant pleural effusion (MPE). However, asymptomatic MPE can become symptomatic. This study examined the clinical course of asymptomatic MPE in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including the incidence and timing of symptom development of asymptomatic MPE and the associated factors.

Prognostic Factors of Second-line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study.

Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death receptor-1 and its ligand have achieved impressive success in treating patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failed first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, knowledge on clinical biomarkers that could help select patients who will respond well to second-line ICI therapy is limited.

Patients And Methods: Medical records of patients with NSCLC treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and subsequent second-line ICI were collected from 6 medical centers between January 2018 and June 2020.

Feasibility of Ultra-Low-Dose CT for Bronchoscopy of Peripheral Lung Lesions.

: Thin-section computed tomography (CT) is essential for identifying small bronchi during bronchoscopy using radial endobronchial ultrasound. Some patients should receive an additional CT for a thin-section image. We performed a retrospective study with a prospectively collected database to identify the optimal radiation dose for thin-section CT during peripheral bronchoscopy.

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score as a predictor of mortality in ventilated patients with multidrug-resistant bacteremia.

Background: The occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteremia in ventilated patients may be associated with a high mortality rate. We evaluated whether Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on the day of bacteremia could predict 90-day mortality in these patients.

Methods: Data were obtained retrospectively from 202 patients (male, 60.

Characteristics of 10-Methacryloyloxidecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate Monomer in Self-Etching Two-Bottled Dental Adhesive System: Comparison with Commercial Products.

Dentin bonding is a key in restorative dentistry. Here, we developed a self-etching two-bottle adhesive system containing 10-methacryloyloxidecyl dihydrogen phosphate monomer (MDP) and the physical, mechanical, and biocompatible properties were evaluated. The characteristics of MDP were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Factors predicting long-term survival of patients with sepsis on arrival at the emergency department: A single-center, observational study.

Predicting long-term outcomes after sepsis is important when caring for patients with this condition. The purpose of the present study was to develop models predicting long-term mortality of patients with sepsis, including septic shock.Retrospective data from 446 patients with sepsis (60.

Development of Adverse Outcome Pathway for PPARγ Antagonism Leading to Pulmonary Fibrosis and Chemical Selection for Its Validation: ToxCast Database and a Deep Learning Artificial Neural Network Model-Based Approach.

Exposure to certain chemicals such as disinfectants through inhalation is suspected to be involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, a lung disease in which lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred. Pulmonary fibrosis is known to be regulated by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Here, we developed an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) to better define the linkage of PPARγ antagonism to the adverse outcome of pulmonary fibrosis.

Association between Medical Costs and the ProVent Model in Patients Requiring Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether components of the ProVent model can predict the high medical costs in Korean patients requiring at least 21 days of mechanical ventilation (prolonged mechanical ventilation [PMV]).

Methods: Retrospective data from 302 patients (61.6% male; median age, 63.

Gene profiling involved in fate determination of salivary gland type in mouse embryogenesis.

Salivary gland (SG) development involves dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal interactions resulting in the formation of highly branched epithelial structures that produce and secrete saliva. The SG epithelium differentiates into saliva-producing terminal buds, i.e.

Comparative study of oxidative stress caused by anthracene and alkyl-anthracenes in .

Oxidative stress was evaluated for anthracene (Ant) and alkyl-Ants (9-methylanthracene [9-MA] and 9,10-dimethylanthracene [9,10-DMA]) in to compare changes in toxicity due to the degree of alkylation. Worms were exposed at 1) the same external exposure concentration and 2) the maximum water-soluble concentration. Formation of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase activity, total glutathione concentration, and lipid peroxidation were determined under constant exposure conditions using passive dosing.

Multi-functional nano-adhesive releasing therapeutic ions for MMP-deactivation and remineralization.

Restoration of hard tissue in conjunction with adhesive is a globally challenging issue in medicine and dentistry. Common clinical therapies involving application of adhesive and substitute material for functional or anatomical recovery are still suboptimal. Biomaterials with bioactivity and inhibitory effects of enzyme-mediated adhesive degradation can render a solution to this.

Histone methylation-associated transgenerational inheritance of reproductive defects in Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to crude oil under various exposure scenarios.

As part of a study to explore the long-term effects of the Hebei Spirit oil spill accident, transgenerational toxicity and associated epigenetic changes were investigated in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Under experimental conditions, worms were exposed to Iranian heavy crude oil (IHC) under three different scenarios: partial early-life exposure (PE), partial late-life exposure (PL), and whole-life exposure (WE). Growth, reproduction, and histone methylation were monitored in the exposed parental worms (P0) and in three consecutive unexposed offspring generations (F).

Immunolocalization patterns of cytokeratins during salivary acinar cell development in mice.

Embryonic development of the mouse salivary glands begins with epithelial thickening and continues with sequential changes from the pre-bud to terminal bud stages. After birth, morphogenesis proceeds, and the glands develop into a highly branched epithelial structure that terminates with saliva-producing acinar cells at the adult stage. Acinar cells derived from the epithelium are differentiated into serous, mucous, and seromucous types.

Effects of soil water saturation on sampling equilibrium and kinetics of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Passive sampling can be applied for measuring the freely dissolved concentration of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) in soil pore water. When using passive samplers under field conditions, however, there are factors that might affect passive sampling equilibrium and kinetics, such as soil water saturation. To determine the effects of soil water saturation on passive sampling, the equilibrium and kinetics of passive sampling were evaluated by observing changes in the distribution coefficient between sampler and soil (K) and the uptake rate constant (k) at various soil water saturations.

Internal Concentration and Time Are Important Modifiers of Toxicity: The Case of Chlorpyrifos on Caenorhabditis elegans.

The internal concentration of chemicals in exposed organisms changes over time due to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes since chemicals are taken up from the environment. Internal concentration and time are very important modifiers of toxicity when biomarkers are used to evaluate the potential hazards and risks of environmental pollutants. In this study, the responses of molecular biomarkers, and the fate of chemicals in the body, were comprehensively investigated to determine cause-and-effect relationships over time.

The in vitro and in vivo effects of a fast-dissolving mucoadhesive bi-layered strip as topical anesthetics.

To overcome pain on injection, the dentist can apply a topical anesthetic spray. Despite the convenience, it is not easy to apply it locally. So, we developed an oral mucoadhesive bi-layer film containing an anesthetic.

Bone Regeneration Using a Mixture of Silicon-Substituted Coral HA and β-TCP in a Rat Calvarial Bone Defect Model.

The demand of bone graft materials has been increasing. Among various origins of bone graft materials, natural coral composed of up to 99% calcium carbonate was chosen and converted into hydroxyapatite (HA); silicon was then substituted into the HA. Then, the Si-HA was mixed with β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in the ratios 100:0 (S100T0), 70:30 (S70T30), 60:40 (S60T40), and 50:50 (S50T50).

A systems toxicology approach on the mechanism of uptake and toxicity of MWCNT in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The increased volumes of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) being utilized in industrial and biomedical processes carries with it an increased risk of unintentional release into the environment, requiring a thorough hazard and risk assessment. In this study, the toxicity of pristine and hydroxylated (OH-) multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) was investigated in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using an integrated systems toxicology approach. To gain an insight into the toxic mechanism of MWCNTs, microarray and proteomics were conducted for C.

Changes in the expression of cyp35a family genes in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans under controlled exposure to chlorpyrifos using passive dosing.

In order to use sensitive molecular-level biomarkers for the evaluation of environmental risks, it is necessary to establish a quantitative dose-response relationship. Passive dosing is regarded as a promising new technique for maintaining a constant exposure condition of hydrophobic chemicals in the assay medium. The main goals of the present study were (1) to quantitatively compare gene expression results obtained using the passive dosing method and the conventional spiking method and (2) to investigate changes in gene expression with respect to the free concentration and exposure duration using passive dosing.

Prediction of ecotoxicity of heavy crude oil: contribution of measured components.

A prediction model for estimating the ecotoxicity of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and water-soluble fraction (WSF) of heavy crude oil is proposed. Iranian heavy crude oil (IHC), one of the major components of the Hebei Spirit oil spill in Korea in 2007, was used as a model crude oil for the preparation of the WAF and the WSF. Luminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri was chosen as the model ecotoxicity test for evaluating the baseline toxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons in the IHC.

Ecological risk assessment of chemicals migrated from a recycled plastic product.

Objectives: Potential environmental risks caused by chemicals that could be released from a recycled plastic product were assessed using a screening risk assessment procedure for chemicals in recycled products.

Methods: Plastic slope protection blocks manufactured from recycled plastics were chosen as model recycled products. Ecological risks caused by four model chemicals -di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)- were assessed.

Involvement of Caenohabditis elegans MAPK Signaling Pathways in Oxidative Stress Response Induced by Silver Nanoparticles Exposure.

In the present study, toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated in the nematode, Caenohabditis elegans focusing on the upstream signaling pathway responsible for regulating oxidative stress, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in AgNPs exposed C.elegans, suggesting oxidative stress as an important mechanism in the toxicity of AgNPs towards C.