The off-label uses of pipeline embolization device for complex cerebral aneurysms: Mid-term follow-up in a single center.

Objective: To describe the off-label uses of pipeline embolization device for a variety of types of aneurysms including ruptured aneurysms, posterior circulation aneurysms, small aneurysms, distal aneurysms, and recurrent aneurysms.

Methods: Clinical and angiographic data of patients who underwent pipeline embolization device treatment on off-label use at our center were retrospectively reviewed. For categorical variables, Fisher's exact test was used, and a two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for patients' age to analyze the correlation with outcomes.

Afferent drive elicits ongoing pain in a model of advanced osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition characterized by pain during joint movement. Additionally, patients with advanced disease experience pain at rest (ie, ongoing pain) that is generally resistant to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the intraarticular space of the rodent knee is a well-established model of OA that elicits weight-bearing asymmetry and referred tactile and thermal hypersensitivity.

Repeated morphine treatment-mediated hyperalgesia, allodynia and spinal glial activation are blocked by co-administration of a selective cannabinoid receptor type-2 agonist.

Spinal glial activation has been implicated in sustained morphine-mediated paradoxical pain sensitization. Since activation of glial CB2 cannabinoid receptors attenuates spinal glial activation in neuropathies, we hypothesized that CB2 agonists may also attenuate sustained morphine-mediated spinal glial activation and pain sensitization. Our data indicate that co-administration of a CB2-selective agonist (AM 1241) attenuates morphine (intraperitoneal; twice daily; 6 days)-mediated thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia in rats.

Contribution of afferent pathways to nerve injury-induced spontaneous pain and evoked hypersensitivity.

A predominant complaint in patients with neuropathic pain is spontaneous pain, often described as burning. Recent studies have demonstrated that negative reinforcement can be used to unmask spontaneous neuropathic pain, allowing for mechanistic investigations. Here, ascending pathways that might contribute to evoked and spontaneous components of an experimental neuropathic pain model were explored.

Ongoing pain in the MIA model of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic pain condition characterized by pain during joint use as well as pain at rest (i.e., ongoing pain).

Transient inflammation-induced ongoing pain is driven by TRPV1 sensitive afferents.

Background: Tissue injury elicits both hypersensitivity to evoked stimuli and ongoing, stimulus-independent pain. We previously demonstrated that pain relief elicits reward in nerve-injured rats. This approach was used to evaluate the temporal and mechanistic features of inflammation-induced ongoing pain.