Cobalt-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkenylation of Aldehydes.

Catalytic enantioselective alkenylation of aldehydes with easily accessible alkenyl halides promoted by a chiral cobalt complex derived from a newly developed tridentate bisoxazolinephosphine is presented. Such processes represent an unprecedented reaction pathway for cobalt catalysis and a general approach that enable rapid construction of highly diversified enantioenriched allylic alcohols containing a 1,1-, 1,2-disubstituted and trisubstituted alkene as well as axial stereogenicity in up to 99 % yield and 99 : 1 er without the need of preformation of alkenyl-metal reagents. DFT calculations revealed the origin of enantioselectivity.

An Analysis of Trabecular Bone Structure Based on Principal Stress Trajectory.

To understand the mechanism of Wolff's law, a finite element analysis was performed for a human proximal femur, and the principal stress trajectories of the femur were extracted using the principal stress visualization method. The mechanism of Wolff's law was evaluated theoretically based on the distribution of the principal stress trajectories. Due to the dynamics of the loads, there was no one-to-one correspondence between the stress trajectories of the fixed load and the trabeculae in the cancellous architecture of the real bone.

Orthodontic craniofacial pattern diagnosis: cephalometric geometry and machine learning.

Efficient and reliable diagnosis of craniofacial patterns is critical to orthodontic treatment. Although machine learning (ML) is time-saving and high-precision, prior knowledge should validate its reliability. This study proposed a craniofacial ML diagnostic workflow base on a cephalometric geometric model through clinical verification.

Finite element analysis on pushing the molar backwards using invisible aligner with different migration displacement.

Purpose: This paper examines the biomechanical mechanism behind the effect of the invisible aligner technique on tooth movement processes.

Methods: To compare the effects of different target positions on tooth movement and the periodontal ligament (PDL), two kinds of aligners were designed to provide displacements of 0.2 mm (Model A) and 0.

Three-dimensional radiological anatomy of condyle trabecular bone based on a Volume-of-Interest analysis.

Objectives: Three-dimensional radiological anatomic characteristics of condyle trabeculae was obtained quantitatively based on a volume-of-interest (VOI) analysis.

Methods: Nine human mandibular condyle specimens were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). A total of 34 VOIs were selected from each condyle specimen, which were divided into six layers and four parts to analyze the morphological characteristics of trabeculae based on cylindrical VOIs with a diameter and height of 2 mm.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Regio-, Diastereo- and Enantioselective Intermolecular Hydrosilylation of 1,3-Dienes with Prochiral Silanes.

One of the most straightforward approaches to access chiral silanes is catalytic enantioselective hydrosilylation. Although significant advances have been achieved in enantioselective construction of either a carbon-stereogenic center or a silicon-stereogenic center through enantioselective hydrosilylation, simultaneous establishment of a carbon- and a silicon-stereogenic center in an acyclic molecule through a single intermolecular hydrosilylation remained undeveloped. Herein, an unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective hydrosilylation of 1,3-dienes is presented, enabling construction of a carbon- and a silicon-stereogenic center in a single intermolecular transformation.

A Finite Element Analysis Model is Suitable for Biomechanical Analysis of Orbital Development.

The authors investigated orbital bone development in congenital microphthalmia (CM) using a three-dimensional finite element analysis model, after the orbital dimension deficiency was improved with a self-inflating hydrogel expander implant.Data of a 2-year-old male CM patient were examined. The orbital structure, eyeball, eye muscles, and self-inflating hydrogel expander were constructed according to computed tomography examination data.

Biomechanical comparison between the custom-made mandibular condyle prosthesis and total temporomandibular joint prosthesis in finite element analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical behavior of the custom-made mandibular condyle prosthesis and total TMJ prosthesis.

Methods: Three models of one beagle dog, the condyle prosthesis (Model 1, replacing the right condyle only), the TMJ prosthesis (model 2, replacing the whole right TMJ) and the intact TMJ (model 3) were established, and the mechanical responses under muscle forces loading were analyzed using finite element method.

Results: Models 1 and 3 had the similar stress distribution on the right disc, which suggested that the condyle prosthesis did not change the disc stress so much when the muscle forces were applied.

[Design of Real-time Disease Warning System Based on Storm Technology].

With the improvement of the quality of clinical diagnosis and treatment, the traditional scheduled "ward round" mode cannot meet the demands for real-time monitoring of acute and critically ill patients. This paper introduces the Storm, a real-time data stream processing technology and its application in the real time disease early warning system. By collecting the clinical data flow and calculating the MEWS scores in real time, the system can identify the potential deterioration of the disease, and promptly notify the medical staff.

Irregular Implant Design Decreases Periimplant Stress and Strain Under Oblique Loading.

Objectives: To investigate whether a different implant geometry with the same potential contact surface area (PCSA) affects the principal stress and strains in bone.

Material And Methods: Three-dimensional finite-element models were created with a single endosseous implant embedded in bone. The irregular (IR) dental root-analog implant and regular (R) cylindrical implant with the same PCSA 350 mm were modeled, keeping the size of the thinnest implant wall 0.

Long-term outcomes of epilepsy surgery in tuberous sclerosis complex.

Approximately 50% of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) present intractable epilepsy, and surgery is an option for those patients. Hereby, we analyze long-term seizure control and neuropsychological outcomes of epilepsy surgery in patients with TSC. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 66 patients with TSC and epilepsy followed up over 5 years, 51 of whom underwent epilepsy surgery between 2001 and 2011.

Prophylactic Levetiracetam for Seizure Control After Cranioplasty: A Multicenter Prospective Controlled Study.

Objective: To study efficacy and safety of prophylactic levetiracetam (LEV) administration in adults undergoing cranioplasty.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled and randomly divided 200 adults undergoing cranioplasty into 2 groups: LEV (prophylactic LEV for 24 weeks) and control (no prophylactic antiepileptic drugs). Demographic and clinical characteristics; occurrence of postoperative seizure; changes in IQ, memory quotient, and activities of daily living scores; and postoperative side effects during hospital stay were analyzed at 2-, 24-, and 48-week follow-up visits.

Influence of Different Abutment Designs on the Biomechanical Behavior of Dental Root-Analog Implant: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate cross-sectional area of the abutments, strain distribution in the periimplant bone, stress in the abutments and dental root-analog implant by different abutment design under different loading conditions, through three-dimensional finite element analysis.

Methods: Two three-dimensional finite element models were established. Two types of abutments, oval cross section abutment (OCSA) and circular cross section abutment (CCSA) were designed, keeping the size of the thinnest implant wall 0.

[Teeth segmentation from CBCT images using deformable triangle mesh model].

Considering the dental CBCT images' characteristics, the method of deformable surface of 3D triangle mesh model is proposed. The method uses a deformable model which is initialized from an icosahedron and evolves to fit the teeth's surface by the application of the locally adaptive external forces computed from the image data and internal forces coming from the model itself. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is robust and accurate.

Anterior corpus callosotomy in patients with intractable generalized epilepsy and mental retardation.

Aims: To prospectively study outcomes of anterior corpus callosotomy (aCCT) in patients with refractory generalized epilepsy (RGE) and mental retardation (MR), and estimate the effect of preoperative Wechsler Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FIQ) on surgical outcomes.

Methods: Selected patients with RGE were divided into a moderate MR group (MoMR), mild MR group (MiMR) and no MR group (NMR), and all of them were treated with aCCT. Seizure outcomes were evaluated at the 1-year follow-up (1FU) and 2-year follow-up (2FU), and changes of quality of life (QOL) and IQ were tested at 2FU.

[An introduction [corrected] of RID & XDS integration profiles].

In this article, 2 IHE integration profiles-RID integration profile and XDS integration profile, which are adopted widely in the applications of healthcare information exchange, are introduced and compared with each other in applicable occasions. In addition, their current developing status and prospects are give from the technical view.

[An introduction of IHE].

This paper briefly introduces the history, definitions of some important words, working process, key concepts, connectathon testing, implementation of IHE, which can be regarded as an entry guide of IHE.

Automated segmentation of breast lesions in ultrasound images.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women. As a convenient and safe diagnosis method, ultrasound is most commonly used second to mammography for early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Here we proposed an automatic method to segment lesions in ultrasound images.

Computerized Classification Method for Differentiating Between Benign and Malignant Lesions on Breast MR Images.

Contrast-enhanced breast MRI has been shown to have very high sensitivity in the detection of breast cancers. A new computerized classification method for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions on breast MRIs was developed. This method was based on temporal feature analysis.

[The improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in magnetic resonance image].

Digital image processing and magnetic resonance imaging from magnetic resonance image processing technique. This technique will not only promote MRI's research and development, but also bring new challenges for digital image processing. Because the information in the MRI is very important to medical treatment, it is a primary task that how to decrease noise from MRI by use of PC and digital image processing.