Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Daily Quality Control System for the Histologic Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Biopsies: A 1-Year Experience.

Context.—: Seegene Medical Foundation, one of the major clinical laboratories in South Korea, developed SeeDP, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based postanalytic daily quality control (QC) system that reassesses all gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic biopsy (EB) slides for incorrect diagnoses.

Objective.

Homogeneously Mixed Cu-Co Bimetallic Catalyst Derived from Hydroxy Double Salt for Industrial-Level High-Rate Nitrate-to-Ammonia Electrosynthesis.

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) presents an innovative approach for sustainable NH production. However, selective NH production is hindered by the multiple intermediates involved in the NORR process and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. Hence, the development of highly efficient NORR catalysts is paramount.

Unassisted Photoelectrochemical HO Production with Glycerol Valorization Using α-FeO.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) HO production via two-electron O reduction is promising for HO production without emitting CO. For PEC HO production, α-FeO is an ideal semiconductor owing to its earth abundance, superior stability in water, and an appropriate band gap for efficient solar light utilization. Moreover, its conduction band is suitable for O reduction to produce HO.

Hydrogeological characteristics and water chemistry in a coastal aquifer of Korea: implications for land subsidence.

Land subsidence is the gradual or sudden dropping of the ground surface developed by increasing the total stress. Most studies have discussed the relationship between land subsidence with groundwater level. However, there is a lack of discussion on groundwater environmental changes after occurring land subsidence.

High-Performance Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting at Neutral pH by Ir Nanocluster-Anchored CoFe-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets.

Highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in neutral electrolytes are indispensable for practical electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting technologies. However, there is a lack of good, neutral OER electrocatalysts because of the poor stability when H accumulates during the OER and slow OER kinetics at neutral pH. Herein, we report Ir species nanocluster-anchored, Co/Fe-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanostructures in which the crystalline nature of LDH-restrained corrosion associated with H and the Ir species dramatically enhanced the OEC kinetics at neutral pH.

Cyber loss model risk translates to premium mispricing and risk sensitivity.

In this paper we focus on model risk and risk sensitivity when addressing the insurability of cyber risk. The standard statistical approaches to assessment of insurability and potential mispricing are enhanced in several aspects involving consideration of model risk. Model risk can arise from model uncertainty and parameter uncertainty.

Improving quality control in the routine practice for histopathological interpretation of gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies using artificial intelligence.

Background: Colorectal and gastric cancer are major causes of cancer-related deaths. In Korea, gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic biopsy specimens account for a high percentage of histopathologic examinations. Lack of a sufficient pathologist workforce can cause an increase in human errors, threatening patient safety.

Bias-free solar hydrogen production at 19.8 mA cm using perovskite photocathode and lignocellulosic biomass.

Solar hydrogen production is one of the ultimate technologies needed to realize a carbon-neutral, sustainable society. However, an energy-intensive water oxidation half-reaction together with the poor performance of conventional inorganic photocatalysts have been big hurdles for practical solar hydrogen production. Here we present a photoelectrochemical cell with a record high photocurrent density of 19.

Alkali-Metal-Mediated Reversible Chemical Hydrogen Storage Using Seawater.

The economic viability and systemic sustainability of a green hydrogen economy are primarily dependent on its storage. However, none of the current hydrogen storage methods meet all the targets set by the US Department of Energy (DoE) for mobile hydrogen storage. One of the most promising routes is through the chemical reaction of alkali metals with water; however, this method has not received much attention owing to its irreversible nature.

Unassisted selective solar hydrogen peroxide production by an oxidised buckypaper-integrated perovskite photocathode.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is an eco-friendly oxidant and a promising energy source possessing comparable energy density to that of compressed H. The current HO production strategies mostly depend on the anthraquinone oxidation process, which requires significant energy and numerous organic chemicals. Photocatalyst-based solar HO production comprises single-step O reduction to HO, which is a simple and eco-friendly method.

High-performance and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting cell with organic-photoactive-layer-based photoanode.

Considering their superior charge-transfer characteristics, easy tenability of energy levels, and low production cost, organic semiconductors are ideal for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production. However, organic-semiconductor-based photoelectrodes have not been extensively explored for PEC water-splitting because of their low stability in water. Herein, we report high-performance and stable organic-semiconductors photoanodes consisting of p-type polymers and n-type non-fullerene materials, which is passivated using nickel foils, GaIn eutectic, and layered double hydroxides as model materials.

Superaerophobic hydrogels for enhanced electrochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen production.

The efficient removal of gas bubbles in (photo)electrochemical gas evolution reactions is an important but underexplored issue. Conventionally, researchers have attempted to impart bubble-repellent properties (so-called superaerophobicity) to electrodes by controlling their microstructures. However, conventional approaches have limitations, as they are material specific, difficult to scale up, possibly detrimental to the electrodes' catalytic activity and stability, and incompatible with photoelectrochemical applications.

Unassisted solar lignin valorisation using a compartmented photo-electro-biochemical cell.

Lignin is a major component of lignocellulosic biomass. Although it is highly recalcitrant to break down, it is a very abundant natural source of valuable aromatic carbons. Thus, the effective valorisation of lignin is crucial for realising a sustainable biorefinery chain.

Toward practical solar hydrogen production - an artificial photosynthetic leaf-to-farm challenge.

Solar water splitting is a promising approach to transform sunlight into renewable, sustainable and green hydrogen energy. There are three representative ways of transforming solar radiation into molecular hydrogen, which are the photocatalytic (PC), photoelectrochemical (PEC), and photovoltaic-electrolysis (PV-EC) routes. Having the future perspective of green hydrogen economy in mind, this review article discusses devices and systems for solar-to-hydrogen production including comparison of the above solar water splitting systems.

Strong O 2p-Fe 3d Hybridization Observed in Solution-Grown Hematite Films by Soft X-ray Spectroscopies.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting holds the potential as a direct route for solar energy conversation and storage. The performance of a PEC device is strongly influenced by the electronic properties of the photonanode surface. It has been shown that the synthesis methods can have a profound impact on the electronic properties and PEC performance of various photoelectrode materials such as hematite.

Hetero-type dual photoanodes for unbiased solar water splitting with extended light harvesting.

Metal oxide semiconductors are promising photoelectrode materials for solar water splitting due to their robustness in aqueous solutions and low cost. Yet, their solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiencies are still not high enough for practical applications. Here we present a strategy to enhance the efficiency of metal oxides, hetero-type dual photoelectrodes, in which two photoanodes of different bandgaps are connected in parallel for extended light harvesting.

Self-Assembled Heteroepitaxial Oxide Nanocomposite for Photoelectrochemical Solar Water Oxidation.

We report on spontaneously phase ordered heteroepitaxial SrTiO (STO):ZnFeO (ZFO) nanocomposite films that give rise to strongly enhanced photoelectrochemical solar water oxidation, consistent with enhanced photoinduced charge separation. The STO:ZFO nanocomposite yielded an enhanced photocurrent density of 0.188 mA/cm at 1.

Understanding the origin of photoelectrode performance enhancement by probing surface kinetics.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting holds the potential to meet the challenges associated with the intermittent nature of sunlight. Catalysts have often been shown to improve the performance of PEC water splitting, but their working mechanisms are not well understood. Using intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), we determined the rate constants of water oxidation and recombination at the surface of three different hematite-based photoanodes.

Defective ZnFe₂O₄ nanorods with oxygen vacancy for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

A one-dimensional zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanorod photoanode was prepared by a simple solution method on the F-doped tin oxide glass substrate. Thermal treatment under a hydrogen or vacuum atmosphere improved the photoelectrochemical water oxidation activity up to 20 times. The various physical characterization techniques used revealed that oxygen vacancies were created by the treatments in the near surface region, which increased the donor density and passivated the surface states.

Enabling unassisted solar water splitting by iron oxide and silicon.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting promises a solution to the problem of large-scale solar energy storage. However, its development has been impeded by the poor performance of photoanodes, particularly in their capability for photovoltage generation. Many examples employing photovoltaic modules to correct the deficiency for unassisted solar water splitting have been reported to-date.

Tree branch-shaped cupric oxide for highly effective photoelectrochemical water reduction.

Highly efficient tree branch-shaped CuO photocathodes are fabricated using the hybrid microwave annealing process with a silicon susceptor within 10 minutes. The unique hierarchical, one-dimensional structure provides more facile charge transport, larger surface areas, and increased crystallinity and crystal ordering with less defects compared to irregular-shaped CuO prepared by conventional thermal annealing. As a result, the photocathode fabricated with the tree branch-shaped CuO produces an unprecedently high photocurrent density of -4.

Improved photoelectrochemical activity of CaFe2O4/BiVO4 heterojunction photoanode by reduced surface recombination in solar water oxidation.

A bismuth vanadate photoanode was first fabricated by the metal-organic decomposition method and particles of calcium ferrite were electrophoretically deposited to construct a heterojunction photoanode. The characteristics of the photoanodes were investigated in photoelectrochemical water oxidation under simulated 1 sun (100 mW cm(-2)) irradiation. Relative to the pristine BiVO4 anode, the formation of the heterojunction structure of CaFe2O4/BiVO4 increased the photocurrent density by about 60%.

Fabrication of graphene-based electrode in less than a minute through hybrid microwave annealing.

Highly efficient and stable MoS2 nanocrystals on graphene sheets (MoS2/GR) are synthesized via a hybrid microwave annealing process. Through only 45 second-irradiation using a household microwave oven equipped with a graphite susceptor, crystallization of MoS2 and thermal reduction of graphene oxide into graphene are achieved, indicating that our synthetic method is ultrafast and energy-economic. Graphene plays a crucial role as an excellent microwave absorber as well as an ideal support material that mediates the growth of MoS2 nanocrystals.