Genetic architectures of childhood maltreatment and causal influence of childhood maltreatment on health outcomes in adulthood.

Childhood maltreatment is increasingly recognized as a pivotal risk factor for adverse health outcomes. However, comprehensive analyses of its long-term impact are scarce. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the genetic architectures of childhood maltreatment and its influence on adult health and socioeconomic outcomes.

Enabling Charge Trapping with Quasi-Magnetization through Transition Metal Ion-Chelated Mesoporous Silica Particles for Wearable Antibacterial Self-Powering Sensors.

Wearable self-powering sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) emerging as a promising strategy for a wide range of applications, such as self-powering and energy-harvesting systems, are widely used in healthcare and displacement current are utilized as the driving force. Although the TENG theory is rooted in the displacement current equation proposed by Maxwell, the magnetic field created by this current is often overlooked in TENG research. In this work, an effective charge-trapping method based on the magnetization current induced by transition metal ion chelation is reported.

The Role of the Parametric Thyroid Feedback Quantile Index in Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation Among Euthyroid Koreans.

Context: Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in metabolic regulation and maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. The Parametric Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (PTFQI) assesses central thyroid hormone sensitivity by standardizing the inverse relationship between free thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Objective: To investigate the relationship between PTFQI and cardiovascular risk in the euthyroid Korean population.

Prostate cancer-selective anticancer action of an oxindole derivative via HO-1-mediated disruption of metabolic reprogramming.

Prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men, exhibits distinct metabolic reprogramming involving zinc and citrate metabolism. This study investigated whether targeting this unique metabolic profile could offer an effective therapeutic approach. A series of novel oxindole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on transcription factors (TFs) and antiproliferative activity across various cancer cell lines.

Retroreflective Multichrome Microdome Arrays Created by Single-Step Reflow.

Structural colors are known for their tunability, fade resistance, and eco-friendliness. Recent advancements have shown that such colors can be efficiently produced using total internal reflection (TIR) on high-refractive-index convex microstructures without the need for periodic nanostructures. However, a reproducible, fast, and programmable production strategy for these microstructures is essential for commercial applications.

Integrative proteomic analyses across common cardiac diseases yield mechanistic insights and enhanced prediction.

Cardiac diseases represent common highly morbid conditions for which molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we report the analysis of 1,459 protein measurements in 44,313 UK Biobank participants to characterize the circulating proteome associated with incident coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and aortic stenosis. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression identified 820 protein-disease associations-including 441 proteins-at Bonferroni-adjusted P < 8.

Weekend Backpack Program Tailored for Ethnic and Dietary Food Preferences: Nutrition Quality, Program Usage, and Parent Satisfaction.

Objective: We documented the nutritional quality of a weekend food backpack program with 5 bag types tailored for ethnic food preferences and reported participants' satisfaction and usage of the program.

Methods: The Healthy Eating Index-2020 scores were calculated to assess the quality of the food items by bag type. We also recruited 49 caregivers of elementary school-aged children in Minnesota using multilingual flyers from December, 2022 to May, 2023.

Sodium Benzoate Induces Fat Accumulation and Reduces Lifespan via the SKN-1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway: Evidence from the Model.

Background: Sodium benzoate (SB) is widely used in food products, cosmetics, and medical solutions due to its antimicrobial properties. While it is generally considered safe and has potential neuroprotective benefits, SB has also been linked to adverse effects, including hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the potential effects of SB on obesity and lifespan remain poorly understood.

Pd-WO Nanowire MEMS Gas Sensor for Ultraselective Dual Detection of Hydrogen and Ammonia.

Demand for real-time detection of hydrogen and ammonia, clean energy carriers, in a sensitive and selective manner, is growing rapidly for energy, industrial, and medical applications. Nevertheless, their selective detection still remains a challenge and requires the utilization of diverse sensors, hampering the miniaturization of sensor modules. Herein, a practical approach via material design and facile temperature modulation for dual selectivity is proposed.

Convergent representation of values from tactile and visual inputs for efficient goal-directed behavior in the primate putamen.

Animals can discriminate diverse sensory values with a limited number of neurons, raising questions about how the brain utilizes neural resources to efficiently process multi-dimensional inputs for decision-making. Here, we demonstrate that this efficiency is achieved by reducing sensory dimensions and converging towards the value dimension essential for goal-directed behavior in the putamen. Humans and monkeys performed tactile and visual value discrimination tasks while their neural responses were examined.

Association between plausible genetic factors and weight loss from GLP1-RA and bariatric surgery: a multi-ancestry study in 10 960 individuals from 9 biobanks.

Obesity is a significant public health concern. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), predominantly in use as a type 2 diabetes treatment, are a promising pharmacological approach for weight loss, while bariatric surgery (BS) remains a durable, but invasive, intervention. Despite observed heterogeneity in weight loss effects, the genetic effects on weight loss from GLP1-RA and BS have not been extensively explored in large sample sizes, and most studies have focused on differences in race and ethnicity, rather than genetic ancestry.

Feasibility and Methodology of a Pilot Free Blood Pressure Monitoring and Follow-Up Program at Two Free Clinics.

Background: Hypertension affects approximately 1 in 2 adults in the US. Home blood pressure (BP) monitoring programs are effective in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Free clinics serve as an integral safety net for millions of uninsured and economically disadvantaged patients in the US.

Integrative Metabolomics Differentiate Coronary Artery Disease, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Venous Thromboembolism Risks.

Background: Arterial and venous cardiovascular conditions, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and venous thromboembolism (VTE), are genetically correlated. Interrogating underlying mechanisms may shed light on disease mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to identify (1) epidemiological and (2) causal, genetic relationships between metabolites and CAD, PAD, and VTE.

Germline as Three Distinct Tumor Models.

Tumor cells display abnormal growth and division, avoiding the natural process of cell death. These cells can be benign (non-cancerous growth) or malignant (cancerous growth). Over the past few decades, numerous in vitro or in vivo tumor models have been employed to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with tumorigenesis in diverse regards.

G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Mucosal Healing Activity of a Trimethylpyridinol Analogue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by abnormal immune responses, including elevated proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study presents the synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of 2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol analogues, which exhibit dual inhibition of TNFα- and IL-6-induced inflammation. Analysis using methods, including 3D shape-based target identification, modeling, and docking, identified G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) as the molecular target for the most effective analogue, -, which exhibits remarkable efficacy in ameliorating inflammation and restoring colonic mucosal integrity.

Narrative review of the utility of magnetic resonance imaging in radiotherapy for cervical cancer.

Background And Objective: In radiotherapy (RT) for locally advanced cervical cancer, high soft tissue contrast on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can ensure accurate delineation of target volumes (TVs) and optimal dose distribution to the RT target and organs at risk (OAR). MRI-guided adaptive RT (MRIgART) is a novel technology that revises RT plans according to anatomical changes occurring throughout the treatment to improve target coverage and minimise OAR toxicity. This review aims to assess the evidence and gaps of MRI use in RT planning and MRIgART in the treatment of cervical cancer, as well as challenges in its clinical implementation.

Food Insecurity and Changes in Diet Quality and Body Mass Index z-Scores Among Elementary School Students.

Previous research has identified food insecurity as a risk factor for obesity but those studies employed cross-sectional designs and were largely focused on adults and young children. In addition, there is a paucity of studies examining the association between food insecurity and changes in children's overall diet quality. This study aimed to assess whether food insecurity is associated with subsequent changes in diet quality and BMI z-scores over 2 years among 7- to 12-year-old children.

Output Performance Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerators Induced by Magnetic Ink Trapping Property Act as Wearable Sensors.

The demand for clean-energy collection has gradually increased in recent years, making triboelectric nanogenerators a promising research field, because of their advantages in convenient manufacturing, diversified materials, and diverse synthesis and modification possibilities. However, recent studies indicate that charge decay, a major limiting factor in the triboelectric output, prevents the induced charge from combining with the bottom electrode, leading to charge loss. The use of charge-trapping sites to retain the induced charge generated during the friction process is an important solution in the field of triboelectric nanogenerator research.

Impact of anthropometric parameters on outcomes in Asians with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

Background: We examined the incidence and predictors of clinical outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), focusing on anthropometric parameters.

Methods: Adult patients with MAFLD were identified in nationwide databases and a hospital cohort. Primary endpoints were atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and advanced fibrosis.

Analysis of the influence of host lifestyle (coffee consumption, drinking, and smoking) on Korean oral microbiome.

If a DNA sample collected in the field is old or degraded, short tandem repeat analysis is difficult to perform, a representative analysis method currently used for individual identification. Given that microorganisms exist everywhere and within the human body, in similar amounts to human cells, microbial analysis could be used to identify individuals even in cases in which human DNA-based identification is difficult. Research has demonstrated that the types of microorganisms within the human body differ depending on various internal or external factors, such as body part or bodily fluid type, lifestyle, geographical area of residence, sex, and age.