Enhancing Uniformity, Read Voltage Margin, and Retention in Three-Dimensional and Self-Rectifying Vertical Pt/TaO/AlO/TiN Memristors.

This study introduces a TaO-based self-rectifying memristor (SRM) with an AlO interfacial layer adopted to improve switching uniformity, read voltage margin, and long-term retention. The Pt/TaO/AlO/TiN (PTAT) device exhibits a 10 rectification ratio, 10 on/off ratio, 2 × 10 endurance, and retention of 10 s at 150 °C. A 3-layer 4 × 4 vertical resistive random access memory structure exhibits uniform switching parameters.

Contribution of Microorganisms with the Clade II Nitrous Oxide Reductase to Suppression of Surface Emissions of Nitrous Oxide.

The sources and sinks of nitrous oxide, as control emissions to the atmosphere, are generally poorly constrained for most environmental systems. Initial depth-resolved analysis of nitrous oxide flux from observation wells and the proximal surface within a nitrate contaminated aquifer system revealed high subsurface production but little escape from the surface. To better understand the environmental controls of production and emission at this site, we used a combination of isotopic, geochemical, and molecular analyses to show that chemodenitrification and bacterial denitrification are major sources of nitrous oxide in this subsurface, where low DO, low pH, and high nitrate are correlated with significant nitrous oxide production.

Oxide and 2D TMD semiconductors for 3D DRAM cell transistors.

As the downscaling of conventional dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) has reached its limits, 3D DRAM has been proposed as a next-generation DRAM cell architecture. However, incorporating silicon into 3D DRAM technology faces various challenges in securing cost-effective high cell transistor performance. Therefore, many researchers are exploring the application of next-generation semiconductor materials, such as transition oxide semiconductors (OSs) and metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), to address these challenges and to realize 3D DRAM.

Assessing the health literacy of caregivers in the pediatric intensive care unit: a mixed-methods study.

Background: Limited health literacy is associated with increased hospitalizations, emergency visits, health care costs, and mortality. The health literacy levels of caregivers of critically ill children are unknown. This mixed-methods study aims to quantitatively assess the health literacy of caregivers of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and qualitatively describe facilitators and barriers to implementing health literacy screening from the provider perspective.

Ccr2+ Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Influence Trajectories of Acquired Therapy Resistance in Braf-Mutant Melanoma.

Unlabelled: Therapies targeting oncogene addiction have had a tremendous impact on tumor growth and patient outcome, but drug resistance continues to be problematic. One approach to deal with the challenge of resistance entails extending anticancer treatments beyond targeting cancer cells by additionally altering the tumor microenvironment. Understanding how the tumor microenvironment contributes to the evolution of diverse resistance pathways could aid in the design of sequential treatments that can elicit and take advantage of a predictable resistance trajectory.

Extracting Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Molecules without Heavy Atoms via Time-Resolved Solvent Scattering Signals.

Time-resolved X-ray liquidography (TRXL) has emerged as a powerful technique for studying the structural dynamics of small molecules and macromolecules in liquid solutions. However, TRXL has limited sensitivity for small molecules containing light atoms only, whose signal has lower contrast compared with the signal from solvent molecules. Here, we present an alternative approach to bypass this limitation by detecting the change in solvent temperature resulting from a photoinduced reaction.

MicroRNAs in Dystrophinopathy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), which represent the range of dystrophinopathies, account for nearly 80% of muscle dystrophy. DMD and BMD result from the loss of a functional dystrophin protein, and the leading cause of death in these patients is cardiac remodeling and heart failure. The pathogenesis and progression of the more severe form of DMD have been extensively studied and are controlled by many determinants, including microRNAs (miRNAs).

Photoactivation of triosmium dodecacarbonyl at 400 nm probed with time-resolved X-ray liquidography.

The photoactivation mechanism of Os(CO) at 400 nm is examined with time-resolved X-ray liquidography. The data reveal two pathways: the vibrational relaxation following an internal conversion to the electronic ground state and the ligand dissociation to form Os(CO) with a ligand vacancy at the axial position.

Public perception of geothermal power plants in Korea following the Pohang earthquake: A social representation theory study.

This study sought to determine how the residents of Pohang, Korea, perceive geothermal plants after the 2017 Pohang earthquake by applying social representation theory through a mixed-method approach incorporating qualitative and quantitative research. The residents' perception of the geothermal plant was largely anchored to their perception of nuclear power plants. At the time of the Gyeongju earthquake in 2016, public discourse on nuclear accidents developed and was thereafter perpetuated by the Pohang earthquake victims via cognitive anchoring.

In-field bioreactors demonstrate dynamic shifts in microbial communities in response to geochemical perturbations.

Subsurface microbial communities mediate the transformation and fate of redox sensitive materials including organic matter, metals and radionuclides. Few studies have explored how changing geochemical conditions influence the composition of groundwater microbial communities over time. We temporally monitored alterations in abiotic forces on microbial community structure using 1L in-field bioreactors receiving background and contaminated groundwater at the Oak Ridge Reservation, TN.

Synthesis of zinc-gallate phosphors by biomineralization and their emission properties.

Reduction of target species by microorganisms and their subsequent precipitation into sparingly soluble mineral phase nanoparticles have been referred to as microbially mediated nanomaterial synthesis. Here, we describe the microbially mediated production of nano-dimensioned spinel structured zinc-gallate (ZnGaO) phosphors exhibiting different emission performance with varying substituted elements. Interestingly, in the microbially mediated phosphor production described herein, there were no reducible metal- and non-metal species composing the target minerals.

In situ decay of polyfluorinated benzoic acids under anaerobic conditions.

Polyfluorinated benzoic acids (PBAs) can be used as non-reactive tracers to characterize reactive mass transport mechanisms in groundwater. The use of PBAs as non-reactive tracers assumes that their reactivities are negligible. If this assumption is not valid, PBAs may not be appropriate to use as non-reactive tracers.

Improved ZnS nanoparticle properties through sequential NanoFermentation.

Sequential NanoFermentation (SNF) is a novel process which entails sparging microbially produced gas containing HS from a primary reactor through a concentrated metal-acetate solution contained in a secondary reactor, thereby precipitating metallic sulfide nanoparticles (e.g., ZnS, CuS, or SnS).

Cryomilled zinc sulfide: A prophylactic for Staphylococcus aureus-infected wounds.

Bacterial pathogens that colonize wounds form biofilms, which protect the bacteria from the effect of host immune response and antibiotics. This study examined the effectiveness of newly synthesized zinc sulfide in inhibiting biofilm development by Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) strains.

LL1210 pH homeostasis mechanisms informed by transcriptomics and metabolomics.

Background: is a model fermentative anaerobic thermophile being studied and engineered for consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic feedstocks into fuels and chemicals. Engineering efforts have resulted in significant improvements in ethanol yields and titers although further advances are required to make the bacterium industry-ready. For instance, fermentations at lower pH could enable co-culturing with microbes that have lower pH optima, augment productivity, and reduce buffering cost.

Use of in-field bioreactors demonstrate groundwater filtration influences planktonic bacterial community assembly, but not biofilm composition.

Using in-field bioreactors, we investigated the influence of exogenous microorganisms in groundwater planktonic and biofilm microbial communities as part of the Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC). After an acclimation period with source groundwater, bioreactors received either filtered (0.22 μM filter) or unfiltered well groundwater in triplicate and communities were tracked routinely for 23 days after filtration was initiated.

Direct Observation of a Transiently Formed Isomer During Iodoform Photolysis in Solution by Time-Resolved X-ray Liquidography.

Photolysis of iodoform (CHI) in solution has been extensively studied, but its reaction mechanism remains elusive. In particular, iso-iodoform (iso-CHI-I) is formed as a product of the photolysis reaction, but its detailed structure is not known, and whether it is a major intermediate species has been controversial. Here, by using time-resolved X-ray liquidography, we determined the reaction mechanism of CHI photodissociation in cyclohexane as well as the structure of iso-CHI-I.

Influence of Structural Defects on Biomineralized ZnS Nanoparticle Dissolution: An in-Situ Electron Microscopy Study.

The dissolution of metal sulfides, such as ZnS, is an important biogeochemical process affecting fate and transport of trace metals in the environment. However, current studies of in situ dissolution of metal sulfides and the effects of structural defects on dissolution are lacking. Here we have examined the dissolution behavior of ZnS nanoparticles synthesized via several abiotic and biological pathways.