Publications by authors named "Jiwon Baek"

Purpose: To train generative adversarial network (GAN) models to generate predictive optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) at 3 months after observation using multi-modal OCT images.

Methods: Four hundred forty CSC eyes of 440 patients who underwent Cirrus OCT imaging were included. Baseline OCT B-scan images through the foveal center, en face choroid, and en face ellipsoid zone were collected from each patient.

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Clinicians recognize the heterogeneity of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in presentation, progression, and treatment response, as well as the challenges in distinguishing it from other macular degenerations. As part of the 2024 Ryan Initiative for Macular Research meeting, a group of clinician-scientists and basic scientists were convened to consider the question of whether AMD should be classified as a single disorder or a spectrum of conditions. To answer this question, we reviewed research on several "dimensions" that constitute AMD risk or pathogenesis: genetics, ancestry, retinal imaging findings, diet and environment, aging, and outer retinal molecular and cellular pathways.

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Background And Aim: We aimed to assess the gene expression profiles of nonlesional small bowels in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) to identify its accompanying molecular alterations.

Methods: We performed RNA sequencing of the uninflamed small bowel tissues obtained from 70 patients with ileal CD and 9 patients with colon cancer (non-CD controls) during bowel resection. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analyses were performed using DESeq2.

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central visual impairment in the elderly. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms for AMD remain uncertain. Several studies suggest that choroidal abnormalities and alterations are critical in AMD progression.

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Obesity is a complex health condition characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation, leading to significant metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), a key enzyme in lipogenesis, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for obesity due to its role in adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. This study employed a multidisciplinary approach involving in silico and in vitro analyses to investigate the anti-adipogenic properties of maclurin, a natural phenolic compound derived from .

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Background: Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is problematic in patients with a urinary catheter. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive analgesic modality used to relieve various types of pain.

Objectives: We evaluated the effect of TENS on CRBD after transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT).

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to explore the effectiveness of generative adversarial networks (GANs) in predicting diabetic macular edema using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images after long-term anti-VEGF treatment.
  • A total of 327 diabetic macular edema patients had their OCT images analyzed over 52 weeks, with different GAN models generating OCT images based on various inputs like baseline B-scans or additional retinal imaging data.
  • The results indicated that GAN models could accurately predict residual fluid and hard exudates, suggesting their potential in identifying patients who may not respond well to treatment, thus aiding in better management strategies.
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The present study investigated potential bioactive natural products from the EtOH extract of twigs using column chromatography, leading to the isolation of six compounds (-), which were characterized as two proanthocyanidins, procyanidin B () and procyanidin B (), and four phenolic compounds, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid -D-glucosyl ester (), di--methylcrenatin (), -coumaric acid glucoside (), and syringin () by the comparison of their NMR spectra with the reported data and high-resolution (HR)-electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) analysis. We investigated the potential of six compounds (-) to inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which showed that the compounds (-) significantly reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without affecting cell proliferation. Notably, compound demonstrated a remarkable 60% and 90% reduction in lipid levels with 50 and 100 µM treatments, respectively.

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To obtain a quantitative parameter for the measurement of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) on ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (UWICGA) using an objective analysis method in macular choroidal neovascularization (CNV). A total of 113 UWICGA images from 113 subjects were obtained, including with 25 neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), 37 with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (19 with thin-choroid and 18 with thick-choroid), 33 with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), and 18 age-matched controls. CVH was quantified on a gray image by the subtraction of 2 synchronized UWICGA images of early and late phases.

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Purpose: In this study, we identify risk factors that predict the progression of acquired vitelliform lesions (AVLs) over time.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects: One hundred sixty-three eyes of 132 patients with a diagnosis of intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) with AVL.

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Article Synopsis
  • Crohn's disease (CD) is a long-lasting inflammatory condition that affects the bowel wall, with tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells playing a key role, though their specific characteristics are not fully understood.
  • The study examined Trm cells in the small bowel of CD patients using advanced techniques like single-cell RNA sequencing, revealing a high presence of CD4 Trm cells with a Th17 signature, particularly in affected tissue regions.
  • The investigation showed that in CD, these Th17 Trm cells had increased expression of specific markers and chemokines, suggesting their involvement in the disease's development through enhanced immune responses.
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The determination of natural product stereochemistry plays a significant role in drug discovery and development. Understanding the stereochemistry of natural products is essential for predicting and optimizing their interactions with biological targets, which, in turn, influences their therapeutic efficacy, safety, and overall impact on living organisms. Here, we present the first application of competitive enantioselective acylation (CEA) reactions in conjunction with LC/MS analysis for determining the absolute configuration of secondary alcohols in natural products which were purified as a mixture.

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Purpose: To evaluate and compare en face and 3-dimensional (3-D) properties of hypertransmission defects (HTDs) between different optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices using OCT volumes and reconstructed en face images.

Settings: Comparative diagnostic evaluation study.

Methods: Thirty eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that underwent dense OCT macular volume scans with both the Spectralis (97 B-scans/volume; 2910 B-scans in total) and Cirrus OCT (128 B-scans/volume; 3840 B-scans in total) from the Amish Eye Study cohort were included in this analysis.

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This study aimed to explore digital literacy among community-dwelling older adults in urban South Korea. A semistructured interview guide was developed using the Digital Competence ( 2.0 framework, which emphasizes the competencies for full digital participation in five categories: information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, content creation, safety, and problem-solving.

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Background: North Korean defectors (NKDs) have often been exposed to traumatic events. However, there have been few studies of neural alterations in NKDs with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (cPTSD).

Aims: To investigate neural alterations in NKDs with PTSD and cPTSD, with a specific focus on alterations in resting-state functional connectivity networks, including the default mode network (DMN).

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Background: The need for digital literacy in aging populations is increasing in the digitalizing society. Digital literacy involves the identification, evaluation, and communication of information through various digital devices or relevant programs.

Objective: The aims of this study were to develop an Everyday Digital Literacy Questionnaire (EDLQ), a digital literacy assessment scale, and subsequently evaluate its psychometric properties using a population of community-dwelling older adults in South Korea.

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Secondary injury from traumatic brain injury (TBI) perpetuates cerebral damages through varied ways. Attenuating neuroinflammation, which is a key feature of TBI, is important for long-term prognosis of its patients. Baclofen, a muscle relaxant, has shown promise in reducing excessive inflammation in other neurologic disorders.

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Article Synopsis
  • * It included 60 patients over 60 years old with AMD, who underwent OCT scanning; trained graders then analyzed the scans for specific features of atrophy and other AMD characteristics.
  • * Results showed HR-OCT had higher accuracy and reliability in classifying atrophic lesions and provided better agreement among readers for qualitative and quantitative features than standard OCT.
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The Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (KSHAP) was a multidisciplinary prospective study conducted in South Korea that measured various health biomarkers from blood, hair, and brain magnetic resonance imaging, and we examined their associations with sociocentric (global) social network data of older adults in 2 entire villages (or cohorts). Cohort K included participants aged 60 years or older, and cohort L included participants aged 65 years or older. We performed a baseline survey involving 814 of the 860 individuals (94.

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Background: While digital literacy has become an essential competency for individuals across generations and sectors of society, supporting digital literacy in older adults is particularly challenging. South Korea is among the many countries undergoing rapid digitalization and population aging. Therefore, it is timely to identify the current understanding of digital literacy among older adults in South Korea.

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Background And Aims: Creeping fat [CF] is a poorly understood feature of Crohn's disease [CD], characterized by the wrapping of mesenteric adipose tissue [MAT] around the inflamed intestine. The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptional profile and compositional features of CF.

Methods: We collected 59 MAT samples: 23 paired samples from patients with CD (CF [CD-CF] and MAT around the uninflamed intestine [CD-MAT]) and 13 MAT samples from non-CD patients [Con-MAT].

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We sought to investigate changes in choroidal hemodynamics in preeclampsia according to presence of retinal change by quantitatively assessing choroidal vessels using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This retrospective study included 106 eyes (of 53 patients) with preeclampsia, including 70 eyes without retinal change in patients with preeclampsia (Group A), 22 eyes with retinal change in patients with preeclampsia (Group B), and 14 eyes of normal pregnant women (controls). Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was measured on OCT B-scan images, and choroidal vessel densities (CVDs) were calculated using binarized OCT B-scan and en face images.

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In this study, we demonstrated a Monte Carlo simulation to model a finger structure and to calculate the intensity of photons passing through tissues, in order to determine optimal angular separation between a photodetector (PD) and a light-emitting diode (LED), to detect SpO. Furthermore, our model was used to suggest a mirror-coated ring-type pulse oximeter to improve the sensitivity by up to 80% and improve power consumption by up to 65% compared to the mirror-uncoated structure. A ring-type pulse oximeter (RPO) is widely used to detect photoplethysmography (PPG) signals for SpO measurement during sleep and health-status monitoring.

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Background: A high fresh gas flow of >5 L/minute is commonly used for emergence from inhalation anesthesia. In addition, a high fresh gas flow may have detrimental effects on climate change. However, no study has determined the optimal fresh gas flow for emergence from inhalation anesthesia.

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