Impacts of long-term different fertilization regimes on microbial utilization of straw-derived carbon in greenhouse vegetable soils: insights from its ecophysiological roles and temperature responses.

As the largest organic carbon input in the agroecosystems, crop residues can increase soil carbon sequestration and crop production in greenhouse vegetable fields (GVFs). However, the soil microbiological mechanisms driving straw decomposition in GVFs under different incubation temperatures and fertilization treatments are not clear. Thus, soil samples were collected from a long-term field experiment included chemical fertilizer application alone (CF), 2/4 fertilizer N+2/4 organic fertilizer N (CM), 2/4 fertilizer N+1/4 organic fertilizer N+1/4 straw N (CMS), 2/4 fertilizer N+2/4 straw N (CS), and incubated with C-labeled straw at different temperatures (15, 25, and 35°C) for 60 days.

Substitution of manure for chemical fertilizer affects soil microbial community diversity, structure and function in greenhouse vegetable production systems.

Soil microbial communities and enzyme activities together affect various ecosystem functions of soils. Fertilization, an important agricultural management practice, is known to modify soil microbial characteristics; however, inconsistent results have been reported. The aim of this research was to make a comparative study of the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates and types (organic and inorganic) on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial attributes in a greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) system of Tianjin, China.

[Effect of the complex of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium phosphate on reducing enamel demineralization and promoting remineralization].

Objective: To investigate the effect of the complex of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on the demineralization and remineralization of dental enamel in vitro.

Methods: Premolars extracted from patients receiving orthodontic treatment were cut into two slabs, which were embedded and polished. The slabs were randomly divided into non-acid etching group, acid etching group (immersed in 37.