Extent of genetic and epigenetic factor reprogramming via a single viral vector construct in deaf adult mice.

In the adult mammalian cochlea, hair cell loss is irreversible and causes deafness. The basic helix-loop transcription factor Atoh1 is essential for normal hair cell development in the embryonic ear. Over-expression of Atoh1 in the adult cochlea by gene therapy can convert supporting cells (cells that underlie hair cells) into a hair cell lineage.

Active Obstacle Avoidance Trajectory Planning for Vehicles Based on Obstacle Potential Field and MPC in V2P Scenario.

V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian) communication can improve road traffic efficiency, solve traffic congestion, and improve traffic safety. It is an important direction for the development of smart transportation in the future. Existing V2P communication systems are limited to the early warning of vehicles and pedestrians, and do not plan the trajectory of vehicles to achieve active collision avoidance.

Identification of methylation signatures associated with CAR T cell in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-hodgkin's lymphoma.

CD19-targeted CAR T cell immunotherapy has exceptional efficacy for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are two common B-cell malignancies with high recurrence rate and are refractory to cure. Although CAR T-cell immunotherapy overcomes the limitations of conventional treatments for such malignancies, failure of treatment and tumor recurrence remain common.

Photobiomodulation Promotes Neuronal Axon Regeneration After Oxidative Stress and Induces a Change in Polarization from M1 to M2 in Macrophages via Stimulation of CCL2 in Neurons: Relevance to Spinal Cord Injury.

To study the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on axon regeneration and secretion change of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) under oxidative stress after spinal cord injury (SCI), and further explore the effect of changes in DRG secretion caused by PBM on the polarization of macrophages. The PBM-DRG model was constructed to perform PBM on neurons under oxidative stress simulated in vitro. And the irradiation conditions were as follows: wavelength, 810 nm; power density, 2 mW/cm; irradiation area, 4.

Attenuation of the inflammatory response and polarization of macrophages by photobiomodulation.

In spinal cord injury (SCI), inflammation is a major mediator of damage and loss of function and is regulated primarily by the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Photobiomodulation (PBM) or low-level light stimulation is known to have anti-inflammatory effects and has previously been used in the treatment of SCI, although its precise cellular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the effect of PBM at 810 nm on classically activated BMDMs was evaluated to investigate the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects.

Photobiomodulation by diffusing optical fiber on spinal cord: A feasibility study in piglet model.

Previous studies on spinal cord injury (SCI) have confirmed that percutaneous photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can ameliorate immunoinflammatory responses at sites of injury, accelerate nerve regeneration, suppress glial scar formation and promote the subsequent recovery of locomotor function. The current study was performed to evaluate a large-animal model employing implanted optical fibers to accurately irradiate targeted spinal segments. The method's feasibility and irradiation parameters that do not cause phototoxic reaction were determined, and the methodology of irradiating the spinal cord with near-infrared light was investigated in detail.

Low-level laser therapy 810-nm up-regulates macrophage secretion of neurotrophic factors via PKA-CREB and promotes neuronal axon regeneration in vitro.

Macrophages play key roles in the secondary injury stage of spinal cord injury (SCI). M1 macrophages occupy the lesion area and secrete high levels of inflammatory factors that hinder lesion repair, and M2 macrophages can secrete neurotrophic factors and promote axonal regeneration. The regulation of macrophage secretion after SCI is critical for injury repair.

Photobiomodulation Therapy Inhibit the Activation and Secretory of Astrocytes by Altering Macrophage Polarization.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) stimulates reactive astrogliosis and the infiltration of macrophages, which interact with each other at the injured area. We previously found Photobiomodulation (PBM) significantly decreases the number of M1 macrophages at the injured area of SCI. But the exact nature of the astrocyte response following PBM and relationship with the macrophage have not been explored in detail.

Pathogenic Effects and Potential Regulatory Mechanisms of Tea Polyphenols on Obesity.

Overweight and obesity are major threats to human health. Tea polyphenols exert multiple beneficial effects on human health and may play a positive regulatory role in fat assumption. However, how tea polyphenols contribute to the regulation of fat metabolism remains unclear to date.

Label-Free Spectral Imaging Unveils Biochemical Mechanisms of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Spinal Cord Injury.

Background/aims: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) leads to complex photochemical responses during the healing process of spinal cord injury (SCI). Confocal Raman Microspectral Imaging (in combination with multivariate analysis) was adopted to illustrate the underlying biochemical mechanisms of LLLT treatment on a SCI rat model.

Methods: Using transversal tissue sections, the Raman spectra can identify areas neighboring the injury site, glial scar, cavity, and unharmed white matter, as well as their correlated cellular alterations, such as demyelination and up-regulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs).

[The modulation of low-level laser on polarization of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages].

Objective To investigate the influence of 810 nm low-level laser of different energy on the polarization of macrophages. Methods The macrophages were isolated from the bone borrow of BALB/c mice and cultured in macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) conditioned cultural medium. The expression of F4/80 was examined by flow cytometry for identification.