Strategies and Management for Psychiatric Drug Withdrawal: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Series.

In recent years, an increasing number of case reports on psychiatric drug withdrawal have emerged, offering detailed clinical insights and valuable real-world evidence on the withdrawal process. The objective of this review was to evaluate the strategies and management for withdrawing psychiatric drugs, as detailed in case reports and series. A systematic review of case reports and series published between 2013 and 2023 was conducted to capture the latest trends in psychiatric drug withdrawal.

Characterization of Rabbit Corneas Subjected to Stromal Stiffening by the Açaí Extract (Euterpe oleracea).

Purpose: In this study, we characterized rabbit corneas subjected to corneal cross-linking (CXL) with açaí extract compared with a riboflavin photo-stimulated procedure.

Materials And Methods: The corneas of the slaughterhouse rabbits were divided into three groups: control, consisting of untreated corneal samples; riboflavin/UVA, where corneas were treated with 0.1% riboflavin photo-stimulated at 365 nm as the standard protocol; and açaí, where the samples were subjected to 4% açaí extract for 0.

Fast analysis of terbutaline in pharmaceuticals using multi-walled nanotubes modified electrodes from recordable compact disc.

In this study, homemade disposable gold electrodes made from recordable compact disks were modified with carbon nanotubes for amperometric quantification of terbutaline sulfate in pharmaceutical products. A flow cell using an impingent jet of solution on the electrode surface was build and used for amperometric detection, and a series of experiments were carried out to find the best experimental conditions for the new electrode in a specially designed cell. A linear response for terbutaline was obtained in the range from 3.

Pressure and temperature effects on intermolecular vibrational dynamics of ionic liquids.

Low frequency Raman spectra of ionic liquids have been obtained as a function of pressure up to ca. 4.0 GPa at room temperature and as a function of temperature along the supercooled liquid and glassy state at atmospheric pressure.

Thermal analysis and Raman spectra of different phases of the ionic liquid butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.

The ionic liquid butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [C(4)C(1)C(1)C(1)N][Tf(2)N], is a glass-forming liquid that exhibits partial crystallization depending on the cooling rate. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicates crystallization at T(c) = 227 K, melting at T(m) = 258 K, glass transition at T(g) ~ 191 K, and also cold crystallization at T(cc) ~ 219 K. Raman spectroscopy shows that the crystalline structure obtained by slow cooling is formed with [Tf(2)N](-) in cisoid conformation, whereas [Tf(2)N](-) in transoid conformation results from fast cooling.

Immunological parameters related to the adjuvant effect of the ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15.

In 2006, the first report of a nanostructured material as adjuvant was described establishing the effectiveness of the ordered mesoporous SBA-15 silica as an immune adjuvant. The present study evaluated the SBA-15 capacity to modulate the immune responsiveness of High and Low responder mice immunized with BSA encapsulated/adsorbed in SBA-15 by the intramuscular or oral route and the adjuvant effect was compared with the responsiveness induced by BSA in aluminum hydroxide salts or emulsified in Incomplete Freund adjuvant. These results demonstrate the ability of the non-toxic SBA-15 nanoparticles to increase the immunogenicity and repair the responsiveness of the constitutively low responder individuals inducing both the IgG2a and the IgG1 isotypes, independently of the immune cell committed and conditioning the low phenotype.

Effect of experimental heat treatment on mechanical properties of resin composites.

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of an experimental heat treatment (170 masculineC/10 min) using a casting furnace on the mechanical properties (hardness and flexural strength) of 2 commercial direct resin composites (TPH Spectrum and Filtek P60) compared to a commercial indirect resin system (BelleGlass). Heat treatment temperature was determined after thermal characterization by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Data was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level.

Thermal behavior and stability of biodegradable spray-dried microparticles containing triamcinolone.

Thermal analysis has been widely used for obtaining information about drug-polymer interactions and for pre-formulation studies of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this work, biodegradable microparticles of poly (d,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) containing triamcinolone (TR) in various drug:polymer ratios were produced by spray drying. The main purpose of this study was to study the effect of the spray-drying process not only on the drug-polymer interactions but also on the stability of microparticles using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), X-ray analysis (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (IR).

Effect of extract of Phyllanthus niruri on crystal deposition in experimental urolithiasis.

Phyllanthus niruri (Pn) is a plant that has been shown to interfere in the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. In the present study we evaluated the effect of Pn on the preformed calculus induced by introduction of a CaOx seed into the bladder of male Wistar rats. Pn treatment (5 mg/ rat/day) was initiated immediately or 30 days after CaOx seeding and thus in the presence of a preformed calculus.

Synthesis of FDU-1 silica with narrow pore size distribution and tailorable pore entrance size in the presence of sodium chloride.

Ordered silicas with large (9-15 nm), uniform, cagelike mesopores were synthesized under acidic aqueous conditions from tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of sodium chloride using poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(butylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer B50-6600 (EO39BO47EO39, Dow Chemicals) as a supramolecular template. Except for the use of NaCl in our case, the synthesis mixture composition was the same as that originally reported by Zhao et al. for the synthesis of FDU-1 silica, which was later shown to exhibit a cubic close-packed (Fm3m) structure with stacking faults related to the occurrence of hexagonal close-packed stacking sequences.

Comparative thermogravimetric and adsorption study of highly ordered mesoporous materials.

A comparative study was carried out for highly ordered mesoporous materials using high resolution thermogravimetry (HR-TG) and adsorption techniques. These materials were synthesized with mixed surfactants of various alkyl chain lengths. For thermogravimetry measurements n-butanol was used to probe the adsorbent surface and high-resolution TG curves as well as their 1st and 2nd derivatives were obtained for this probe molecule.

Thermal analysis of the antiretroviral zidovudine (AZT) and evaluation of the compatibility with excipients used in solid dosage forms.

Modern thermal analysis techniques are frequently used because of their ability to provide detailed information about both the physical and the energetic properties of a substance. In the present work, the thermal decomposition of zidovudine (AZT) was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). Thermal analysis was supplemented using elemental analysis (C, H, and N), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction to characterize the solid intermediates products.

Ordered mesoporous silica with large cage-like pores: structural identification and pore connectivity design by controlling the synthesis temperature and time.

FDU-1 silicas with large cage-like pores (diameter about 10 nm) were synthesized under acidic conditions from tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(butylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer template B50-6600 (EO(39)BO(47)EO(39)). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering provided strong evidence that FDU-1 silica synthesized under typical conditions is a face-centered cubic Fm3m structure with 3-dimensional hexagonal intergrowth and is not a body-centered cubic Im3m structure, as originally reported. Samples synthesized in a wide range of conditions (initial temperatures from 298 to 353 K; hydrothermal treatment at 333-393 K) exhibited similar XRD patterns and their nitrogen adsorption isotherms indicated a good-quality cage-like pore structure.

Determination and tailoring the pore entrance size in ordered silicas with cage-like mesoporous structures.

A practical approach to the determination of the pore entrance size in ordered silicas with cage-like mesoporous structures (OSCMSs) is proposed. A fundamental insight into the OSCMS pore connectivity is gained, including the control of the pore entrance size by post-synthesis surface modification, and by selection of appropriate synthesis temperature. These findings show a new promise for the synthesis of mesoporous solids with molecular size- and shape-selective properties.

Synthesis and photophysical study of highly luminescent coordination compounds of rare earth ions with thenoyltrifluoroacetonate and AZT.

This work presents the study of the interaction between zidovudine (AZT) and rare earth (RE) ions with thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (TTA). The complexes [RE(TTA)(3) x (AZT)(2)] (where RE(III)=Eu and Gd) were prepared by reaction between the [RE(TTA)(3) x (H(2)O)(2)] precursors and AZT dissolved in acetone in the molar ratio 1:2. The obtained luminescent materials were characterized by microanalyses (C, H, N), complexometric titration, IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis (DSC and TG/DTG).