Alterations of gut virome with close interaction in the progression of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis.

Previous research has established a link between gut microbiota and osteoporosis (OP) advancement. However, there remains a limited understanding of the crucial contribution of the gut virome in the onset and progression of OP. We employed metagenomic shotgun sequencing and gut virome sequencing to process the ovariectomy (OVX)-induced OP murine model, which revealed significant disparities in bacteriome and virome compositions between subjects with OP and healthy controls.

LL-37 and bisphosphonate co-delivery 3D-scaffold with antimicrobial and antiresorptive activities for bone regeneration.

This study introduces a novel 3D scaffold for bone regeneration, composed of silk fibroin, chitosan, nano-hydroxyapatite, LL-37 antimicrobial peptide, and pamidronate. The scaffold addresses a critical need in bone tissue engineering by simultaneously combating bone infections and promoting bone growth. LL-37 was incorporated for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, while pamidronate was included to inhibit bone resorption.

Relationship between paravertebral muscle function, pelvic incidence, and health-related quality of life in patients with degenerative spinal deformity.

Background: Patients with degenerative spinal deformity often experience symptoms that seriously affect their quality of life, such as low back pain and dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between paravertebral muscle function and pelvic incidence (PI) and their effect on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with degenerative spinal deformity.

Methods: A total of 112 patients with degenerative spinal deformity in Southwest Hospital (Chongqing, China) were enrolled.

The effects of back extensor strength in different body positions on health-related quality of life in patients with degenerative spinal deformity.

Background: Degenerative spinal deformity (DSD) is believed to originate from degeneration of the discs and facet joints and vertebral wedging. Currently, the nosogeny of DSD is not yet fully clarified and there has been no systematic study on the impact of their lower back muscle strength on quality of life.

Objective: To determine the characteristics of back extensor strength (BES) in different body positions and examine their correlations with health-related quality of life (HQOL) in degenerative spinal deformity (DSD) patients.

Dynamic chromatin accessibility landscapes of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization.

Bone acts as a self-healing organ, which undergoes continuous regeneration process that is tightly regulated by the cooperation of osteoclasts with the capability of bone resorption and osteoblasts with the capability of bone formation. Generally, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiated to final osteoblasts have been considered as critical role in bone remodeling. In this regard, several transcription factors (TFs) whose binding sites are initially hidden deep within accessible chromatin that participate in modulating osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix mineralization.

Bile acid metabolism regulatory network orchestrates bone homeostasis.

Bile acids (BAs), synthesized in the liver and modified by the gut microbiota, have been widely appreciated not only as simple lipid emulsifiers, but also as complex metabolic regulators and momentous signaling molecules, which play prominent roles in the complex interaction among several metabolic systems. Recent studies have drawn us eyes on the diverse physiological functions of BAs, to enlarge the knowledge about the "gut-bone" axis due to the participation about the gut microbiota-derived BAs to modulate bone homeostasis at physiological and pathological stations. In this review, we have summarized the metabolic processes of BAs and highlighted the crucial roles of BAs targeting bile acid-activated receptors, promoting the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts (OBs), inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts (OCs), as well as reducing articular cartilage degradation, thus facilitating bone repair.

Discovery of multipotent progenitor cells from human induced membrane: Equivalent to periosteum-derived stem cells in bone regeneration.

Background: The periosteum stem cells (PSCs) plays a critical role in bone regeneration and defect reconstruction. Insertion of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement can form an induced membrane(IM) and showed promising strategy for bone defect reconstruction, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our study sought to determine whether IM-derived cells(IMDCs) versus PSCs have similar characteristics in bone regeneration.

Osteoclast-derived apoptotic bodies inhibit naive CD8 T cell activation via Siglec15, promoting breast cancer secondary metastasis.

The bone microenvironment promotes cancer cell proliferation and dissemination. During periodic bone remodeling, osteoclasts undergo apoptosis, producing large numbers of apoptotic bodies (ABs). However, the biological role of osteoclast-derived ABs, which are residents of the bone-tumor niche, remains largely unknown.

PTP1B knockdown alleviates BMSCs senescence via activating AMPK-mediated mitophagy and promotes osteogenesis in senile osteoporosis.

The senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is the basis of senile osteoporosis (SOP). Targeting BMSCs senescence is of paramount importance for developing anti-osteoporotic strategy. In this study, we found that protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an enzyme responsible for tyrosine dephosphorylation, was significantly upregulated in BMSCs and femurs with advancing chronological age.

Gold-nanosphere mitigates osteoporosis through regulating TMAO metabolism in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and increased bone fragility. The imbalance of bone homeostasis modulated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts is the most crucial pathological change in osteoporosis. As a novel treatment strategy, nanomedicine has been applied in drug delivery and targeted therapy due to its high efficiency, precision, and fewer side effects.

Modulation of SIRT6 activity acts as an emerging therapeutic implication for pathological disorders in the skeletal system.

The skeletal system is a dynamically balanced system, which undergoes continuous bone resorption and formation to maintain bone matrix homeostasis. As an important ADP-ribosylase and NAD-dependent deacylase, SIRT6 (SIR2-like protein 6) is widely expressed on various kinds of bone cells, such as chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts. The aberration of SIRT6 impairs gene expression (e.

Klotho upregulates the interaction between RANK and TRAF6 to facilitate RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: α-Klotho (Klotho) plays a wide range of roles in pathophysiological processes, such as low-turnover osteoporosis observed in klotho mutant mice (kl/kl mice). However, the precise function and underlying mechanism of klotho during osteoclastogenesis are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of klotho on osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL).

Beyond immunosuppressive effects: dual roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in bone-related diseases.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells (IMCs) with immunosuppressive functions, whereas IMCs originally differentiate into granulocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) to participate in innate immunity under steady-state conditions. At present, difficulties remain in identifying MDSCs due to lacking of specific biomarkers. To make identification of MDSCs accurately, it also needs to be determined whether having immunosuppressive functions.

Macrophage-Mediated Bone Formation in Scaffolds Modified With MSC-Derived Extracellular Matrix Is Dependent on the Migration Inhibitory Factor Signaling Pathway.

The positive role of macrophages in the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been a recent research focus. On the other hand, MSCs could carefully regulate the paracrine molecules derived from macrophages. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) can reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors from macrophages to improve injury healing.

Connective Tissue Growth Factor From Periosteal Tartrate Acid Phosphatase-Positive Monocytes Direct Skeletal Stem Cell Renewal and Fate During Bone Healing.

The periosteum is critical for bone healing. Studies have shown that the periosteum contains periosteal stem cells (PSCs) with multidirectional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability. PSCs are activated in early fracture healing and are committed to the chondrocyte lineage, which is the basis of callus formation.

Corrigendum to 'Phosphorylation inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B tyrosine-152 induces bone regeneration coupled with angiogenesis for bone tissue engineering' [Bioactive Mater. Vol. 6, Issue 7, Pages 2039-2057].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.

Laminin alpha 4 promotes bone regeneration by facilitating cell adhesion and vascularization.

Selective cell retention (SCR) has been widely used as a bone tissue engineering technique for the real-time fabrication of bone grafts. The greater the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) retained in the scaffold, the better the osteoinductive and angiogenic properties of the scaffold's microenvironment. Improved bioscaffold properties in turn lead to improved bone graft survival, bone regeneration, and angiogenesis.

Phosphorylation inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B tyrosine-152 induces bone regeneration coupled with angiogenesis for bone tissue engineering.

A close relationship has been reported to exist between cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and integrin-mediated cell mobility, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) may be involved in maintaining this homeostasis. The stable residence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) in their niches is closely related to the regulation of PTP1B. However, the exact role of the departure of MSCs and ECs from their niches during bone regeneration is largely unknown.

[Effect of demineralized bone matrix modified by laminin α4 chain functional peptide on H-type angiogenesis and osteogenesis to promote bone defect repair].

Objective: Based on the cell-extracellular matrix adhesion theory in selective cell retention (SCR) technology, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) modified by simplified polypeptide surface was designed to promote both bone regeneration and angiogenesis.

Methods: Functional peptide of α4 chains of laminin protein (LNα4), cyclic RGDfK (cRGD), and collagen-binding domain (CBD) peptides were selected. CBD-LNα4-cRGD peptide was synthesized in solid phase and modified on DBM to construct DBM/CBD-LNα4-cRGD scaffold (DBM/LN).

Assessment of isokinetic trunk muscle strength and its association with health-related quality of life in patients with degenerative spinal deformity.

Background: A considerable portion of the elderly population are increasingly afflicted by degenerative spinal deformity (DSD), which seriously affects patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL index is used across many studies to show correlations between radio-graphical alignment, disability, and pain in patients with DSD. However, imaged structural deformity represents only one aspect for consideration, namely, the disability effect of DSD.

Long non-coding RNA HCAR promotes endochondral bone repair by upregulating VEGF and MMP13 in hypertrophic chondrocyte through sponging miR-15b-5p.

Endochondral bone formation is an important route for bone repair. Although emerging evidence has revealed the functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in bone and cartilage development, the effect of lncRNAs in endochondral bone repair is still largely unknown. Here, we identified a lncRNA, named Hypertrophic Chondrocyte Angiogenesis-related lncRNA (HCAR), and proved it to promote the endochondral bone repair by upregulating the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 13 (Mmp13) and vascular endothelial growth factor α (Vegfa) in hypertrophic chondrocytes.

Epothilone B prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory osteolysis through suppressing osteoclastogenesis via STAT3 signaling pathway.

Inflammatory osteolysis is a common osteolytic specificity that occurs during infectious orthopaedic surgery and is characterized by an imbalance in bone homeostasis due to excessive osteoclast bone resorption activity. Epothilone B (Epo B) induced α-tubulin polymerization and enhanced microtubule stability, which also played an essential role in anti-inflammatory effect on the regulation of many diseases. However, its effects on skeletal system have rarely been investigated.

Assessment of the association between paraspinal muscle degeneration and quality of life in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis.

The present study aimed to determine the characteristics of multifidus, erector spinae and psoas major degeneration in elderly patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and the correlation between asymmetric changes and patient quality of life. A total of 49 patients with lumbar scoliosis (DLS group) and 38 healthy individuals (control group) were prospectively examined. The functional cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area difference index (CDI) and fat infiltration rate (FIR) of the multifidus, erector spinae and psoas major at the apical vertebral level were measured using MRI.