Adults with reading difficulties demonstrate selective impairments in the fine neural tuning for print.

Introduction: Neural tuning for print, reflected in differential responses of the N170 component of event-related potentials to orthographic forms and other visual stimuli, serves as the neural basis for efficient visual word reading. Impaired neural tuning for print is well established in dyslexic children. Although many adults also experience reading difficulties, relatively few studies have examined whether such impairments exist in adults, particularly those who read Chinese, which differs markedly in visual and linguistic characteristics from alphabetic scripts.

Heart rate variability in subthreshold depression and major depressive disorder.

Background: The relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been well explored. However, current researches lack an observation of HRV in subthreshold depression (SubD), which increases the risk of MDD and presents significant societal challenges.

Methods: This study compared resting state HRV among 128 MDD patients, 131 SubD individuals and 222 healthy controls (HC) recruited from the hospital, physical examination center, and colleges.

Construction and evaluation of two nomograms for screening major depressive disorder and subthreshold depression individuals based on anxiety, depression, and sleep items.

Background: Current evidence is insufficient to support specific tools for screening Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Early detection of subthreshold depression (SD) is crucial in preventing its progression to MDD. This study aims to develop nomograms that visualize the weights of predictors to improve the performance of screening tools.

Abnormal trial-to-trial variability in P300 time-varying directed eeg network of schizophrenia.

Cognitive disturbance in identifying, processing, and responding to salient or novel stimuli are typical attributes of schizophrenia (SCH), and P300 has been proven to serve as a reliable psychosis endophenotype. The instability of neural processing across trials, i.e.

Application Prospects of Specific Rehabilitation Task Training in Upper Limb Function Rehabilitation of Stroke Sequelae Patients.

Objective: To analyze the application prospects of specific rehabilitation task training in upper limb function rehabilitation of stroke sequelae patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients with upper limb function rehabilitation who received treatment for stroke sequelae in The People's Hospital from January 2022 to December 2022. The patients were divided into two groups based on different training methods, with 40 cases in each group.

Aperiodic components and aperiodic-adjusted alpha-band oscillations in children with ADHD.

This study aimed to investigate the aperiodic properties and aperiodic-adjusted alpha-band oscillations in children with ADHD, focusing on the influence of different scalp regions and lateralization on these neural correlates. Sixty-two ADHD children and 52 typical developing children aged 6-12 years were enrolled. EEG recordings were made with eyes closed for a minimum of 6 min.

What Factors Contribute to Reading in ADHD: Examining Reading-Related Skills in Children With ADHD Only/Comorbid Developmental Dyslexia.

Background: ADHD and developmental dyslexia (DD) frequently co-occur. However, it is unclear why some children with ADHD acquire DD while others do not.

Methods: A total of 830 children (including typically developing controls, ADHD only, DD only, and ADHD + DD groups) of two ages (younger: first-third grade; older: fourth-sixth grade) were assessed on measures of reading ability and reading-related skills.

Discrimination of auditory verbal hallucination in schizophrenia based on EEG brain networks.

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a core positive symptom of schizophrenia and are regarded as a consequence of the functional breakdown in the related sensory process. Yet, the potential mechanism of AVH is still lacking. In the present study, we explored the difference between AVHs (n = 23) and non-AVHs (n = 19) in schizophrenia and healthy controls (n = 29) by using multidimensional electroencephalograms data during an auditory oddball task.

Pathogenesis of Comorbid ADHD and Chinese Developmental Dyslexia: Evidence From Eye-Movement Tracking and Rapid Automatized Naming.

Background: ADHD and Chinese developmental dyslexia (DD) have a very high comorbidity rate; however, which cognitive deficits characterize the comorbidity and when they occur during cognitive processing are still under debate.

Methods: Rapid automatic naming (RAN) tasks with eye-movement tracking were conducted with 75 children who were typically developing, had comorbid ADHD and DD, had only ADHD, and had only DD.

Results: The clinical groups had longer first fixation durations than the control for RAN digits.

Green Neutrophilic Inclusion Bodies: a Rare Phenomenon Indicating a More Critical Situation for Patients.

Background: Green neutrophil inclusion bodies represents a rare and specific cytoplasmic change in neutrophils, which is often accompanied by acute liver failure and lactic acidosis, making them an indicator of poor prognosis and high mortality risk in patients.

Methods: Here, we report a case with green neutrophil cytoplasmic inclusion bodies from the aspects of clinical manifestation, morphological characteristics, identification of similar inclusion bodies, and scatter diagram distribution, along with a literature review.

Results: Green neutrophil cytoplasmic inclusion bodies have a green or blue-green color, variable sizes, and a blocky appearance with ill-defined borders.

Similarities and Differences in Brain Activation Between Patients With Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.

Schizophrenia (SZ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share several epidemiological and clinical features, but the neurobiological substrates shared by these two diseases remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the similarities and differences in brain function between them using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Eventually, 130 SZ patients, 70 OCD and 75 normal controls (NCs) were enrolled.

Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among Chinese international students in US colleges during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous studies showed that the COVID-19 outbreak increased the levels of depression and anxiety in heterogeneous populations. However, none has explored the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among Chinese international students studying in US colleges during the pandemic.

Objective: This study examines the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Chinese international students enrolled in US universities during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies the associated factors, including habits, social and psychological support, sleep quality, and remote learning.

Altered temporal variability in brain functional connectivity identified by fuzzy entropy underlines schizophrenia deficits.

Investigation of the temporal variability of resting-state brain networks informs our understanding of how neural connectivity aggregates and disassociates over time, further shedding light on the aberrant neural interactions that underlie symptomatology and psychosis development. In the current work, an electroencephalogram-based sliding window analysis was utilized for the first time to measure the nonlinear complexity of dynamic resting-state brain networks of schizophrenia (SZ) patients by applying fuzzy entropy. The results of this study demonstrated the attenuated temporal variability among multiple electrodes that were distributed in the frontal and right parietal lobes for SZ patients when compared with healthy controls (HCs).

The Value of Brain Imaging and Electrophysiological Testing for Early Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Given the significance of validating reliable tests for the early detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this systematic review aims to summarize available evidence of neuroimaging and neurophysiological changes in high-risk infants to improve ASD early diagnosis. We included peer-reviewed, primary research in English published before May 21, 2021, involving the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), or functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in children with high risk for ASD under 24 months of age. The main exclusion criteria includes diagnosis of a genetic disorder and gestation age of less the 36 weeks.

T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia without clonal gene rearrangements: case report and literature review.

T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a highly aggressive malignancy originating from T-lymphocyte precursors. Incidence is highest in children and adolescents. T-cell receptor () gene rearrangement is usually present.

Probiotic and Oxytocin Combination Therapy in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a rapidly growing neurodevelopmental disorder. Both probiotics and oxytocin were reported to have therapeutic potential; however, the combination therapy has not yet been studied. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 2-stage pilot trial in 35 individuals with ASD aged 3-20 years (median = 10.

Differences and Similarities in the Contributions of Phonological Awareness, Orthographic Knowledge and Semantic Competence to Reading Fluency in Chinese School-Age Children With and Without Hearing Loss.

Compared with the large number of studies on reading of children with hearing loss (HL) in alphabetic languages, there are only a very limited number of studies on reading of Chinese-speaking children with HL. It remains unclear how phonological, orthographic, and semantic skills contribute to reading fluency of Chinese school-age children with HL. The present study explored this issue by examining the performances of children with HL on reading fluency and three linguistic skills compared with matched controls with normal hearing (NH).

Gold nanoparticle‑mediated delivery of paclitaxel and nucleic acids for cancer therapy (Review).

Paclitaxel is a potent antineoplastic agent, but poor solubility and resistance have limited its use. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely studied as drug carriers because they can be engineered to prevent drug insolubility, carry nucleic acid payloads for gene therapy, target specific tumor cell lines, modulate drug release and amplify photothermal therapy. Consequently, the conjugation of paclitaxel with AuNPs to improve antiproliferative and pro‑apoptotic potency may enable improved clinical outcomes.

Classification of Schizophrenia by Seed-based Functional Connectivity using Prefronto-Temporal Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy.

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental disorders. Currently, the diagnosis of schizophrenia mainly relies on scales and doctors' experience. Recently, functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been used to distinguish schizophrenia from other mental disorders.

Visual Search in Chinese Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Developmental Dyslexia: Evidence for Pathogenesis From Eye Movements.

In this study, a visual search task was conducted on children with comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental dyslexia (DD), children with pure ADHD, and typically developing children to explore the pathogenesis of comorbidity between ADHD and DD. Participants searched for the target character from five characters in each trial during the task. The distractors included orthographically similar characters, homophones, unrelated characters, and characters of a different color (i.

Measuring the Non-linear Directed Information Flow in Schizophrenia by Multivariate Transfer Entropy.

People living with schizophrenia (SCZ) experience severe brain network deterioration. The brain is constantly fizzling with non-linear causal activities measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) and despite the variety of effective connectivity methods, only few approaches can quantify the direct non-linear causal interactions. To circumvent this problem, we are motivated to quantitatively measure the effective connectivity by multivariate transfer entropy (MTE) which has been demonstrated to be able to capture both linear and non-linear causal relationships effectively.

Age-sensitive associations of segmental and suprasegmental perception with sentence-level language skills in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants.

Background And Aim: It remains unclear how recognition of segmental and suprasegmental phonemes contributes to sentence-level language processing skills in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs). Our study examined the influence of implantation age on the recognition of consonants, lexical tones and sentences respectively, and more importantly, the contribution of phonological skills to sentence repetition accuracy in Mandarin-speaking children with CIs.

Methods: The participants were three groups of prelingually deaf children who received cochlear implants at various ages and their age-matched controls with normal hearing.

Differentiation of Schizophrenia by Combining the Spatial EEG Brain Network Patterns of Rest and Task P300.

The P300 is regarded as a psychosis endophenotype of schizophrenia and a putative biomarker of risk for schizophrenia. However, the brain activity (i.e.