Circular RNA hsa_circ_0011298 enhances Taxol resistance of non-small cell lung cancer by regulating miR-486-3p/CRABP2 axis.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve as critical regulators in the chemoresistance of human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to explore the role of hsa_circ_0011298 (circ_0011298) and its mechanism in Taxol resistance of NSCLC.

Methods: Circ_0011298, microRNA-486-3p (miR-486-3p), and CRABP2 mRNA expression were determined using qRT-PCR.

Direct Metatranscriptomic Survey of the Sunflower Microbiome and Virome.

Sunflowers ( L.) are susceptible to multiple diseases in field production. In this study, we collected diseased sunflower leaves in fields located in South Dakota, USA, for virome investigation.

Identification of the Viral Determinant of Hypovirulence and Host Range in Sclerotiniaceae of a Genomovirus Reconstructed from the Plant Metagenome.

Uncharacterized viral genomes that encode circular replication-associated proteins of single-stranded DNA viruses have been discovered by metagenomics/metatranscriptomics approaches. Some of these novel viruses are classified in the newly formed family . Here, we determined the host range of a novel genomovirus, SlaGemV-1, through the transfection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with infectious clones.

Assembling seed dormancy genes into a system identified their effects on seedbank longevity in weedy rice.

Seed dormancy (SD) and longevity (SL) may share developmental and genetic mechanisms, as both traits are developed in the same maternal environment and evolved to coordinate the timing of germination and the life span of seedbanks. To test the hypothesis, allelic variants at the SD1-2, 7-1, 7-2, and 12 loci from weedy and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) were assembled into the same genetic background, and 16 homozygous lines selected as a tetragenic system. These lines were evaluated for SD measured by germination at 7, 21, 35, and 150 days of after-ripening (DAR), and for SL measured by the seed decay rate and survivability in the soil of a rice field for 7 months.

Metatranscriptomic Analysis and In Silico Approach Identified Mycoviruses in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus spp.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), including spp., can play important roles in nutrient cycling of the rhizosphere. However, the effect of virus infection on AMF's role in nutrient cycling cannot be determined without first knowing the diversity of the mycoviruses in AMF.

Two Contrasting Patterns and Underlying Genes for Coadaptation of Seed Dormancy and Flowering Time in Rice.

Association between seed dormancy (SD) and flowering time (FT) may generate a synergy in plant adaptation. This research aimed to identify patterns and underlying genes of the association in rice (Oryza sativa). Four F and two BCF populations from crosses of weedy/cultivated rice, and two families of progeny lines from backcrosses were evaluated for variations in time to flowering and germination ability.

The synergistic effects of Apatinib combined with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells and in a fluorescence imaging gastric cancer xenograft model.

Introduction: Methylsulfonic apatinib (hereinafter referred to as Apatinib) is a small-molecule angiogenesis inhibitor highly and selectively targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. At present, a series of basic and clinical studies have confirmed that Apatinib mono-therapy can inhibit the growth of different carcinomas. Our experiment aimed to determine whether there is a synergistic effect between the combination of the traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs paclitaxel (TAX), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and Apatinib.

Triploid Production from Interspecific Crosses of Two Diploid Perennial with Diploid Cultivated Sunflower ( L.).

Wild species are a valuable genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated sunflower. We report the discovery and characterization of a unique high frequency production of triploids when cultivated sunflower was pollinated by specific accessions of diploid T. & G.

Map-Based Cloning of Seed Dormancy1-2 Identified a Gibberellin Synthesis Gene Regulating the Development of Endosperm-Imposed Dormancy in Rice.

Natural variation in seed dormancy is controlled by multiple genes mapped as quantitative trait loci in major crop or model plants. This research aimed to clone and characterize the Seed Dormancy1-2 (qSD1-2) locus associated with endosperm-imposed dormancy and plant height in rice (Oryza sativa). qSD1-2 was delimited to a 20-kb region, which contains OsGA20ox2 and had an additive effect on germination.

Genotyping of endosperms to determine seed dormancy genes regulating germination through embryonic, endospermic, or maternal tissues in rice.

Seed dormancy is imposed by one or more of the embryo, endosperm, and maternal tissues that belong to two generations and represent two ploidy levels. Many quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for seed dormancy as measured by gross effects on reduced germination rate or delayed germination in crop or model plants. This research developed an endosperm genotype-based genetic approach to determine specific tissues through which a mapped QTL regulates germination using rice as a model.

Quantitative trait locus and haplotype analyses of wild and crop-mimic traits in U.S. weedy rice.

Conspecific weeds retained characteristics from wild ancestors and also developed crop mimicries for adaptation and competitiveness. This research was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the wild and crop-mimic traits and to determine haplotype variants for QTL-rich regions in U.S.

Genetic and physiological characterization of two clusters of quantitative trait Loci associated with seed dormancy and plant height in rice.

Seed dormancy and plant height have been well-studied in plant genetics, but their relatedness and shared regulatory mechanisms in natural variants remain unclear. The introgression of chromosomal segments from weedy into cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) prompted the detection of two clusters (qSD1-2/qPH1 and qSD7-2/qPH7) of quantitative trait loci both associated with seed dormancy and plant height. Together, these two clusters accounted for >96% of the variances for plant height and ~71% of the variances for germination rate in an isogenic background across two environments.

Toward a molecular cytogenetic map for cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by landed BAC/BIBAC clones.

Conventional karyotypes and various genetic linkage maps have been established in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., 2n = 34). However, the relationship between linkage groups and individual chromosomes of sunflower remains unknown and has considerable relevance for the sunflower research community.

Diversifying sunflower germplasm by integration and mapping of a novel male fertility restoration gene.

The combination of a single cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) PET-1 and the corresponding fertility restoration (Rf) gene Rf1 is used for commercial hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., 2n = 34) seed production worldwide. A new CMS line 514A was recently developed with H.

Association between seed dormancy and pericarp color is controlled by a pleiotropic gene that regulates abscisic acid and flavonoid synthesis in weedy red rice.

Seed dormancy has been associated with red grain color in cereal crops for a century. The association was linked to qSD7-1/qPC7, a cluster of quantitative trait loci for seed dormancy/pericarp color in weedy red rice. This research delimited qSD7-1/qPC7 to the Os07g11020 or Rc locus encoding a basic helix-loop-helix family transcription factor by intragenic recombinants and provided unambiguous evidence that the association arises from pleiotropy.

The qSD12 underlying gene promotes abscisic acid accumulation in early developing seeds to induce primary dormancy in rice.

Seeds acquire primary dormancy during their development and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is known to play a role in inducing the dormancy. qSD12 is a major seed dormancy quantitative trait locus (QTL) identified from weedy rice. This research was conducted to identify qSD12 candidate genes, isolate the candidates from weedy rice, and determine the relation of the dormancy gene to ABA.

Inheritance and molecular mapping of a downy mildew resistance gene, Pl (13) in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.).

The inheritance of resistance to sunflower downy mildew (SDM) derived from HA-R5 conferring resistance to nine races of the pathogen has been determined and the new source has been designated as Pl ( 13 ) . The F(2) individuals and F(3) families of the cross HA-R5 (resistant) x HA 821 (susceptible) were screened against the four predominant SDM races 300, 700, 730, and 770 in separate tests which indicated dominant control by a single locus or a cluster of tightly linked genes. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was carried out on 116 F(2) individuals with 500 SSR primer pairs that resulted in the identification of 10 SSR markers of linkage groups 1 (9 markers) and 10 (1 marker) of the genetic map (Tang et al.

Physical localization and genetic mapping of the fertility restoration gene Rfo in canola (Brassica napus L.).

The Ogu cytoplasm for male sterility and its fertility restorer gene Rfo in canola (Brassica napus L.) were originally introgressed from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and have been widely used for canola hybrid production and breeding.

Introgression and molecular tagging of Rf (4), a new male fertility restoration gene from wild sunflower Helianthus maximiliani L.

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and its fertility restoration (Rf) genes are critical tools for hybrid seed production to utilize heterosis. In sunflower, CMS PET1 and the associated Rf gene Rf (1) is the only source extensively used in commercial hybrid production. The objective of this research was to develop new sources of CMS and fertility restorers to broaden the genetic diversity of hybrid seed production.

Cytological mechanism of pollen abortion resulting from allelic interaction of F1 pollen sterility locus in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Pollen abortion is one of the major reasons causing the inter-subspecific F(1) hybrid sterility in rice and is due to allelic interaction of F(1) pollen sterility genes. The microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis of Taichung 65 and its three F(1) hybrids were comparatively studied by using techniques of differential interference contrast microscopy, semi-thin section light microscopy, epifluorescence microscopy and TEM. The results showed that there were differences among the cytological mechanisms of pollen abortion due to allelic interaction at the three F(1) pollen sterility loci.

Construction of BAC and BIBAC libraries from sunflower and identification of linkage group-specific clones by overgo hybridization.

Complementary BAC and BIBAC libraries were constructed from nuclear DNA of sunflower cultivar HA 89. The BAC library, constructed with BamHI in the pECBAC1 vector, contains 107,136 clones and has an average insert size of 140 kb. The BIBAC library was constructed with HindIII in the plant-transformation-competent binary vector pCLD04541 and contains 84,864 clones, with an average insert size of 137 kb.