Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium effectors spiA and spiC promote replication by modulating iron metabolism and oxidative stress.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) poses a major threat to the health and safety of animal-derived foods worldwide. Recently, we have reported that S.

Melatonin inhibits bovine viral diarrhea virus replication by ER stress-mediated NF-κB signal pathway and autophagy in MDBK cells.

Bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) is a contagious disease in cattle, caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). This virus continues to spread globally, exerting pressure on both public health and the economy. Despite its impact, there are currently no effective drugs for treating BVDV.

Bergamottin Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Replication by Suppressing ROS-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important etiological agents that causes serious economic losses to the global livestock industry. Vaccines usually provide limited efficacy against BVDV due to the emergence of mutant strains. Therefore, developing novel strategies to combat BVDV infection is urgently needed.

Revealing the Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway Activation through K Efflux Induced by PLO via Signal Point Mutations.

is an important opportunistic pathogenic bacterium widely distributed in the environment. Pyolysin (PLO) is a primary virulence factor of and capable of lysing many different cells. PLO is a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family of which the primary structure only presents a low level of homology with other members from 31% to 45%.

Bacillus cereus CwpFM induces colonic tissue damage and inflammatory responses through oxidative stress and the NLRP3/NF-κB pathway.

Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) from cow milk poses a threat to public health, causing food poisoning and gastrointestinal disorders in humans. We identified CwpFM, an enterotoxin from B.

Phenotypic Characteristics, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence Genotype Features of Associated with Endometritis of Dairy Cows.

can cause various infections in the organs and tissues of different livestock (including pigs, cows, goats, and sheep), including mastitis, endometritis, pneumonia, or abscesses. Moreover, diseases induced by cause significant economic losses in animal husbandry. In recent large-scale investigations, has been identified as one of the main pathogens causing endometritis in lactating cows.

Nanofiber Peptides for Bacterial Trapping: A Novel Approach to Antibiotic Alternatives in Wound Infections.

The pervasive employment of antibiotics has engendered the advent of drug-resistant bacteria, imperiling the well-being and health of both humans and animals. Infections precipitated by such multi-resistant bacteria, especially those induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), pervade hospital settings, constituting a grave menace to patient vitality. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have garnered considerable attention as a potent countermeasure against multidrug resistant bacteria.

A novel glycine-rich peptide from Zophobas atratus, coleoptericin B, targets bacterial membrane and protects against Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced mastitis in mice.

Objectives: The growing occurrence of bacterial resistance has spawned the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides, a class of small molecules with antimicrobial activity, have been regarded as the ideal alternatives to antibiotics.

Methods: In this study, we amplified a new type of Zophobas atratus coleoptericin (denoted coleoptericin B) through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR and expressed recombinant Z.

25-hydroxycholesterol: an integrator of antiviral ability and signaling.

Cholesterol, as an important component in mammalian cells, is efficient for viral entry, replication, and assembly. Oxysterols especially hydroxylated cholesterols are recognized as novel regulators of the innate immune response. The antiviral ability of 25HC (25-Hydroxycholesterol) is uncovered due to its role as a metabolic product of the interferon-stimulated gene CH25H (cholesterol-25-hydroxylase).

Ethyl Gallate Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Promoting IFITM3 Expression, Lysosomal Acidification and Protease Activity.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a highly contagious viral disease which causes economic losses to the cattle industry. Ethyl gallate (EG) is a phenolic acid derivative which has various potentials to modulate the host response to pathogens, such as via antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, inhibition of the production of cell adhesion factors, and so on. This study aimed to evaluate if EG influences BVDV infection in Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells, and to understand the antiviral mechanism.

Prediction and Verification of Curcumin as a Potential Drug for Inhibition of PDCoV Replication in LLC-PK1 Cells.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV) that causes lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal pigs and poses economic and public health burdens. Currently, there are no effective antiviral agents against PDCoV. Curcumin is the active ingredient extracted from the rhizome of turmeric, which has a potential pharmacological value because it exhibits antiviral properties against several viruses.

Effects of Spatial Expression of Activating Transcription Factor 4 on the Pathogenicity of Two Phenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Regulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Autophagy Process.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is a highly conserved stress-defense mechanism and activates the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) to mitigate imbalance. The ER stress-activated signaling pathways can also trigger autophagy to facilitate cellular repair. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) utilizes the host cellular ER as the primary site of the life cycle.

L531 Ameliorates Serovar Typhimurium Diarrhea by Modulating Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress via the IRP2 Pathway.

serovar Typhimurium (. Typhimurium) has evolved mechanisms to evade the host's nutritional immunity and thus promote bacterial growth by using the iron in the host. However, the detailed mechanisms of .

Development and application of an indirect ELISA for the serological detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection based on the protein E2 antigen.

Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes continuous economic losses to the livestock industry. Monitoring antibodies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a valuable tool to ensure the purification of BVDV in cattle. However, currently available ELISA kits based on the whole BVDV virion are both costly and time-consuming.

Quercetin effectively improves LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, pyroptosis, and disruption of the barrier function through the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and .

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by the alterations of the mucosa and gastrointestinal physiology, and the core of these alterations is endothelial cells. Quercetin is a flavonoid presents in some traditional Chinese medicine, plants, and fruits. Its protective effects in several gastrointestinal tumors have been demonstrated, but its effects on bacterial enteritis and pyroptosis-related diseases have rarely been studied.

Hemolymph Relieves -Induced Mastitis by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response and Repairing the Blood-Milk Barrier.

() is a major environmental pathogen causing coliform mastitis, characterized by cell death and mammary tissue damage. Our previous study has shown the antimicrobial effect of () hemolymph against mastitis pathogens. In this study, we established -induced cellular and animal models for mastitis, aiming to evaluate the protective effect of hemolymph against -induced mastitis in vivo and in vitro.

25-Hydroxycholesterol Mediates Cholesterol Metabolism to Restrict Porcine Deltacoronavirus Infection via Suppression of Transforming Growth Factor β1.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus in pigs, is one of the major pathogens for lethal watery diarrhea in piglets and poses a threat to public health because of its potential for interspecies transmission to humans. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a derivative of cholesterol, exhibits multiple potential modulating host responses to pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, as well as pathogen-induced inflammation, while its antiviral effect on PDCoV and how it mediates the biological process of host cells to counter against infections remain poorly understood. Here, we thoroughly explored the antiviral effect of 25HC on PDCoV infection and tried to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Single Point Mutation and Its Role in Specific Pathogenicity to Reveal the Mechanism of Related Protein Families.

Pyolysin (PLO) is secreted by Trueperella pyogenes as a water-soluble monomer after forming transmembrane β-barrel channels in the cell membrane by binding cholesterol. Two significantly conserved residues at domain 1 of PLO are mutated, which provides novel evidence of a relationship between conformational change and interaction with the cell membrane and uncovers the pore formation mechanism of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family. Moreover, PLO is a special member of the CDCs, which the percentage of sequence identities between PLO and other CDC members is from 31% to 45%, while others are usually from 40% to 70%.

L531 Protects against Infantis-Induced Intestinal Damage by Regulating the NOD Activation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Autophagy.

serovar Infantis ( Infantis) is an intracellular bacterial pathogen. It is prevalent but resistant to antibiotics. Therefore, the therapeutic effect of antibiotics on infection is limited.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 attenuates foodborne Bacillus cereus-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activity in bovine mammary epithelial cells by protecting intercellular tight junctions.

Background: Bacillus cereus is an important pathogen that causes human food poisoning, specifically diarrhea and vomiting. B. cereus can also induce mastitis in dairy cows and has a strong survival ability in milk, as it cannot be inactivated by high-temperature short-time pasteurization.

Berbamine hydrochloride inhibits bovine viral diarrhea virus replication via interfering in late-stage autophagy.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a harmful pathogen that easily causes large-scale infections and huge economic losses to the cattle industry. Berbamine hydrochloride (BBH) is a natural product extracted from berberis and has a wide range of pharmacological effects. However, the antiviral effect of BBH against BVDV needs to be further elucidated.

Forsythiaside A Improves the Inhibitory Efficiency of Recombinant Protein Vaccines against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a critical animal pathogen that leads to cattle production losses associated with acute disease, immune dysregulation, reproductive failure, and respiratory disease. Due to the monotonous control technique and neglect of BVDV, increasing prevalence of BVDV has caused significant economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. Therefore, novel anti-BVDV drugs are essential to prevent and control BVDV.

Map of Enteropathogenic Targets Mitochondria and Triggers DRP-1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission and Cell Apoptosis in Bovine Mastitis.

Bovine mastitis seriously affects bovine health and dairy product quality. is the most important pathogen in the environment and dairy products. Enteropathogenic (EPEC) is a zoonotic pathogen, which seriously threatens the health of people and dairy cows.