Green manuring combined with zeolite reduced nitrous oxide emissions in maize field by targeting microbial nitrogen transformations.

Green manure is a crucial strategy for increasing cereal yield and mitigating environmental burden while reducing chemical N fertilizer. To effectively tackle climate change, finding ways to reduce nitrous oxide (NO) emissions from green manuring systems is vital. Herein, field and N labeled microcosm experiments were arranged to investigate the effect and mechanisms of green manuring and zeolite application on NO emission.

Green manuring relocates microbiomes in driving the soil functionality of nitrogen cycling to obtain preferable grain yields in thirty years.

Fertilizers are widely used to produce more food, inevitably altering the diversity and composition of soil organisms. The role of soil biodiversity in controlling multiple ecosystem services remains unclear, especially after decades of fertilization. Here, we assess the contribution of the soil functionalities of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling to crop production and explore how soil organisms control these functionalities in a 33-year field fertilization experiment.

Synergistic effects of diazotrophs and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil biological nitrogen fixation after three decades of fertilization.

Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) via diazotrophs is an important ecological process for the conversion of atmospheric N to biologically available N. Although soil diazotrophs play a dominant role in BNF and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) serve as helpers to favor BNF, the response of soil BNF and diazotrophic communities to different long-term fertilizations and the role of AMF in diazotrophs-driven BNF are poorly understood. Herein, a 33-year fertilization experiment in a wheat-maize intercropping system was conducted to investigate the changes in soil BNF rates, diazotrophic and AMF communities, and their interactions after long-term representative fertilization (chemical fertilizer, cow manure, wheat straw, and green manure).

Altering microbial community for improving soil properties and agricultural sustainability during a 10-year maize-green manure intercropping in Northwest China.

Maize is a crop that is cultivated worldwide. The Hexi Oasis is one of the most important areas for high-yield maize seed production in China. Green manure, a plant fertilizer, has great potential for increasing crop yield and agricultural sustainability.

[Effects of different amounts of organic acid soil conditioners on soil nutrients and crop growth].

Northwest China is burdened by declining soil fertility and poor capacity of water and nutrient retention. A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of organic acid conditio-ners (OASC) with four application rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 g·kg) on soil nutrients and crop growth. Maize and common vetch were the focus crops and loessial soil and irrigated desert soil were the soil types.

[Effects of no-tillage sowing with crop stubbles on seeding emergence and yield of spring wheat in Hexi Oasis Irrigated Area, Northwest China].

We examined the effects of long-term no-tillage sowing with crop stubbles on seedling emergence quality and yield of spring wheat under the three typical spring wheat planting modes of single wheat, wheat-corn intercropping and wheat-soybean intercropping in a long-term field experiment in Hexi oasis irrigated area, aiming to provide theoretical support for the efficient and sustai-nable production of spring wheat. The results showed that, compared with traditional tillage, no-tillage sowing with crop stubbles significantly decreased seedling emergence rate and emergence evenness of spring wheat in wheat-corn intercropping and wheat-soybean intercropping by 3.3%-8.

[Tissue culture and regeneration of Sedum hybridum].

The cotyledons and hypecotyl of Sedum hybridum were used as explant to induce calluse on MS media supplemented with different concentration of hormone. There were formed two kind of calluses, one was red while other was green. The cotyledon was the ideal explant for the callus induction, its induction rate could be reached 80% - 82% either on MS medium with 6-BA 1 mg/L and 2,4-D 0.