Isomaltulose Enhances GLP-1 and PYY Secretion to a Mixed Meal in People With or Without Type 2 Diabetes as Compared to Saccharose.

Scope: Secretion of the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) are induced by nutrients reaching the lower small intestine which regulate insulin and glucagon release, inhibit appetite, and may improve β-cell regeneration. The aim is to test the effect of a slowly digested isomaltulose (ISO) compared to the rapidly digested saccharose (SAC) as a snack given 1 h before a standardized mixed meal test (MMT) on GLP-1, PYY, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and metabolic responses in participants with or without type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods And Results: Fifteen healthy volunteers and 15 patients with T2DM consumed either 50 g ISO or SAC 1 h preload of MMT on nonconsecutive days.

The Regulation and Secretion of Glucagon in Response to Nutrient Composition: Unraveling Their Intricate Mechanisms.

Glucagon was initially regarded as a hyperglycemic substance; however, recent research has revealed its broader role in metabolism, encompassing effects on glucose, amino acids (AAs), and lipid metabolism. Notably, the interplay of glucagon with nutrient intake, particularly of AAs, and non-nutrient components is central to its secretion. Fasting and postprandial hyperglucagonemia have long been linked to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Failure of internal fixation for ankle joint Charcot neuroarthropathy with beta(2)-microglobulin amyloidosis: a case report.

Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a serious diabetic complication with a poor prognosis and a high rate of misdiagnosis. Furthermore, beta(2)-microglobulin amyloidosis (Abeta2M) makes the diagnosis and therapy more difficult and complex. This case report highlights the pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, treatment, and prevention of the major diabetic complications associated with CN and Abeta2M that cause poor quality of life, limit the patient's ability to walk independently, and are directly or indirectly linked with a high risk for lower limb amputation.

Implication of sugar, protein and incretins in excessive glucagon secretion in type 2 diabetes after mixed meals.

Aims: Amino acids powerfully release glucagon but their contribution to postprandial hyperglucagonemia in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Exogenously applied GIP stimulates, while GLP-1 inhibits, glucagon secretion in humans. However, their role in mixed meals is unclear, which we therefore characterized.

High Protein Diets Improve Liver Fat and Insulin Sensitivity by Prandial but Not Fasting Glucagon Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes.

Glucagon (GCGN) plays a key role in glucose and amino acid (AA) metabolism by increasing hepatic glucose output. AA strongly stimulate GCGN secretion which regulates hepatic AA degradation by ureagenesis. Although increased fasting GCGN levels cause hyperglycemia GCGN has beneficial actions by stimulating hepatic lipolysis and improving insulin sensitivity through alanine induced activation of AMPK.

Admission Hemoglobin Is Prognostic for In-Hospital Mortality in Oldest-Old Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Introduction: Anemia is a common condition encountered in acute ischemic stroke, and only a few pieces of evidence has been produced suggesting its possible association with short-term mortality have been produced. The study sought to assess whether admission anemia status had any impact on short-term clinical outcome among oldest-old patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of Electronic Medical Recording System was performed in 2 tertiary hospitals.

The effect of liraglutide on insulin allergy in a patient with glucocorticoid-induced diabetes and multiple sclerosis.

Glucocorticoid use may trigger secondary diabetes or exacerbate hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Few reports mention liraglutide as a treatment for steroid-induced DM (SIDM).

Yi-Qi-Jian-Pi-Xiao-Yu-Xie-Zhuo Formula Improves Muscle Atrophy via Modulating the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats.

The Yi-Qi-Jian-Pi-Xiao-Yu-Xie-Zhuo (YQJPXYXZ) formula has been used for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years with good efficiency based on the cumulative empirical experience of previous practitioners. Impairment of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in mediating muscle wasting. This study aimed to observe effects of the YQJPXYXZ formula on muscle atrophy in CKD rats and investigate its possible mechanism on regulation of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Surgical Outcomes of Articular Surface Crush Injury of Hawkins Ⅲ Talus Neck and Medial Malleolus Fracture.

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of the medial and anterolateral approach combined with internal fixation by double head compression screws and countersunk K-wires for Hawkins Ⅲ talus neck and medial malleolus fracture. Eleven patients with articular surface crush injury resulting in Hawkins Ⅲ talus neck fractures accompanied by medial malleolus fractures were reviewed. All patients underwent emergency operations.

Membranous nephropathy with pulmonary cryptococcosis with improved 1-year follow-up results: A case report.

Cryptococcosis is frequently found in immunosuppressed patients. It is also a significant opportunistic infection in non-immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we present a rare case of membranous nephropathy (MN) with pulmonary cryptococcosis.

"Out-in" position in the surgical treatment of three-column tibial plateau fractures: A technical note.

Three-column classification of tibial plateau fractures is based on computerized tomography (CT) images, and the patients with three-column fractures can be treated with posteromedial combined with anterolateral approach in the floating position. However, there are certain disadvantages to operating in a "floating position". Therefore, we proposed an "out-in" position for those fractures.

A Modified 2-Stage Treatment for AO/OTA 43-C1 Pilon Fractures Accompanied by Distal Fibular and Posterior Lip of the Distal Tibia Fracture.

The management of pilon fractures remains challenging owing to the high-energy axial loading mechanism that produces comminution of the articular surface, displacement of tibia metaphysis, and severe soft tissue injury. How to preserve the vitality of soft tissue and achieve anatomic reduction has become a timely issue. We report and evaluate the effect of a modified staging treatment for AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) 43C1 pilon fracture accompanied by distal fibular and posterior lip of the distal tibia fracture.

Gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy for gastroparesis: A systematic review of efficacy and safety.

Introduction: To assess the efficacy and safety of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of gastroparesis.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched from their earliest records to May 2018. The evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety was based on gastric emptying scintigraphy normalization, the improvement in clinical symptoms and adverse event rate.