The mechanism of purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract to reduce the digestion rate and improve the starch digestion characteristics based on dough system.

Current studies have predominantly focused on the in vitro interactions between starch and anthocyanins, neglecting the complexity of actual food composition systems. In this study, purple sweet potato anthocyanin extract (PSPAE)-dough mixture was constructed with the aim of refining the mechanism by which anthocyanins improved starch digestive properties. Animal experiments demonstrated that the dough containing PSPAE (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced peak blood glucose levels in mice by 39.

Mechanisms for the biological activity of Gastrodia elata Blume and its constituents: A comprehensive review on sedative-hypnotic, and antidepressant properties.

Background: Insomnia and depressive disorder are two common symptoms with a reciprocal causal relationship in clinical practice, which are usually manifested in comorbid form. Several medications have been widely used in the treatment of insomnia and depression, but most of these drugs show non-negligible side effects. Currently, many treatments are indicated for insomnia and depressive symptom, including Chinese herbal medicine such as Gastrodia elata Blume (G.

Male-Biased Gut Microbiome and Metabolites Aggravate Colorectal Cancer Development.

Men demonstrate higher incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) than women. This study aims to explain the potential causes of such sexual dimorphism in CRC from the perspective of sex-biased gut microbiota and metabolites. The results show that sexual dimorphism in colorectal tumorigenesis is observed in both Apc mice and azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice with male mice have significantly larger and more tumors, accompanied by more impaired gut barrier function.

Triterpenoid acids from medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus (Chaga) alleviate hyperuricemia and inflammation in hyperuricemic mice: Possible inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase activity.

The purpose of this study was to explore the hypouricemic effect in hyperuricemia mice of triterpenoid acids from Inonotus obliquus (TAIO), and decipher of the underlying xanthine oxidase inhibitory mechanism. Measurement of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity was assayed. Organ indexes and serum biochemical indicators were measured in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia mice.

Inhibition mechanism of diacylated anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) against α-amylase and α-glucosidase.

This study aimed to evaluate inhibitory activity of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato and blueberries against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as well as investigate the inhibition mechanism of diacylated anthocyanins (Diacylated AF-PSP). Diacylated AF-PSP better inhibited α-amylase (IC = 0.078 mg mL) and α-glucosidase (IC = 1.

Enzymolysis peptides from Mauremys mutica plastron improve the disorder of neurotransmitter system and facilitate sleep-promoting in the PCPA-induced insomnia mice.

Ethnopharmacology Relevancy: For many centuries, Mauremys mutica is highly valued as a food homologous Chinese herbal medicine. It has been considered useful to sedate, nourish brain and promote sleep. However, the animal experimental evidence of its sleep-promoting activity is missing in literature.

Targets and mechanisms of dietary anthocyanins to combat hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia: a comprehensive review.

Hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia are both metabolic disorders related to excessive amount of metabolites in blood, which are considered as high risk factors for the development of many chronic diseases. Enzymes, cells, tissues and organs, which are relevant to metabolism and excretion of glucose and UA, are usually regarded to be the targets in treatment of hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia. Several drugs have been commonly applied to combat hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia through various targets but with unignorable side effects.

Comparisons of carbohydrate-utilizing enzymes inhibitory effects and chemical profiles of five deeply colored food extracts.

Deeply colored food has attracted great interest of researchers as they can be loaded with health-promoting compound. Extracts from five deeply colored food (Black currant, Wild rice 1, Black bean hull, Wild rice 2, and Mulberry) were chosen and carried to evaluate the carbohydrate-utilizing enzymes inhibitory effects and compare the chemical compound profiles to lock the candidate compound for the enzymes. Although the contents of total phenolics in five extracts were at comparable levels, the anthocyanins and flavonoids contents varied widely.

Highly Acylated Anthocyanins from Purple Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) Alleviate Hyperuricemia and Kidney Inflammation in Hyperuricemic Mice: Possible Attenuation Effects on Allopurinol.

Allopurinol is the first-line medication for hyperuricemia treatment. However, severe drug-related adverse effects have often been reported among patients who received allopurinol administration. This study is aimed at evaluating the possible attenuation effects of highly acylated anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (HAA-PSP) on hyperuricemia and kidney inflammation in hyperuricemic mice treated with allopurinol.

Effect of ultrasonic and ball-milling treatment on cell wall, nutrients, and antioxidant capacity of rose (Rosa rugosa) bee pollen, and identification of bioactive components.

Background: Bee pollen has been regarded as a complete nutritional human dietary supplement but its nutrient absorption and biological effects may be restricted by the complex pollen wall. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ultrasonic and ball-milling treatment on the release of nutritional components and on in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of rose (Rosa rugosa) bee pollen.

Results: Bee pollen walls were broken to varying degrees, nutrients were released, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of bee pollen were improved.

Intervention on immunodeficiency mice and structural identification of enzymatic peptides from Mauremys mutica and Cuora trifasciata.

Ethnopharmacology Relevancy: Mauremys mutica (Asian yellow pond turtle, YPT) and Cuora trifasciata (Chinese three-striped box turtle, TBT) are traditional Chinese medicine. They possess many biological characteristics, such as immune-enhancement, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effects. They have been used as folk anti-cancer drugs in central and southern China for a long time.

Evaluation of structure and bioprotective activity of key high molecular weight acylated anthocyanin compounds isolated from the purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. cultivar Eshu No.8).

In order to figure out the key acylated anthocyanin compounds accounting for the bioprotective activity of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), ODS packing column, semi-preparative HPLC method, activity evaluation assays, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) assays were employed. Additionally, our study revealed that the structures of two acylated monomeric anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-caffeoyl-feruloyl sophoroside-5-glucoside and peonidin 3-dicaffeoyl sophoroside-5-glucoside were found to have the strongest bioprotective activity, which was identified to be closely related with the ortho-dihydroxybenzene structure, suggesting the more the special structures of catechol moieties, such as caffeoyl and cyanidin, the stronger the bioprotective activity will be.

Characterization and hepatoprotective activity of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. cultivar Eshu No. 8).

The hepatoprotective activity of anthocyanin-rich purple sweet potato extract (APSPE) was demonstrated. Sixty mice were randomly divided into six groups: control group [without carbon tetrachloride (CCl) or APSPE]; model group (with CCl only); positive control group (50 mg/kg body weight silymarin); low-dose group (100 mg/kg body weight APSPE); medium-dose group (200 mg/kg body weight APSPE); and high-dose group (400 mg/kg body weight APSPE). After 10 days intragastric administration of the respective supplements, the mice in all groups except control were injected intraperitoneally with CCl (0.

Comparison and screening of bioactive phenolic compounds in different blueberry cultivars: Evaluation of anti-oxidation and α-glucosidase inhibition effect.

This study was aimed to investigate antioxidation and α-glucosidase inhibition of the bioactive compounds in three cultivars of blueberry ('Northland' (NL) from the hybrid blueberry (V. corymbosum L.×V.

Inhibitory effect of Gardenblue blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) anthocyanin extracts on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells.

Blueberries are a rich source of anthocyanins, which are associated with health benefits contributing to a reduced risk for many diseases. The present study identified the functional Gardenblue blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) anthocyanin extracts (GBBAEs) and evaluated their capacity and underlying mechanisms in protecting murine RAW 264.7 cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation in vitro.

Enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of DHA and quercetin in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + quercetin (QE) used in combination. DHA and QE are natural compounds derived from various foods and have been demonstrated to exert anti‑inflammatory effects The protein mRNA expression involved in the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway was analyzed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods respectively, other cytokines were detected by an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay kit. The results of the present study demonstrated that combined treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated RAW264.

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints and primary structure identification of corn peptides by HPLC-diode array detection and HPLC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Corn peptides (CPs) are reported to have many biological functions, such as facilitating alcohol metabolism, antioxidation, antitumor, antihypertension, and hepatoprotection. To develop a method for quality control, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system was applied. Twenty-eight common peaks were found in all the CPs of corn samples from Enshi, China, based on which, a fingerprinting chromatogram was established for use in quality control in future research.

Effects of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. cultivar Eshu No. 8) on the serum uric acid level and xanthine oxidase activity in hyperuricemic mice.

This study was aimed at evaluating the hypouricemic effect of the anthocyanin-rich purple sweet potato extract (APSPE). In vitro, APSPE has been proved to significantly inhibit XO activity in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, APSPE could not only inhibit the XO activity in mouse liver, but also reduce the serum uric acid level in hyperuricemic mice and affect the expression of mRNA levels of related renal transporters, such as mURAT1, mGLUT9, mOAT1 and mOCTN2.

Anti-diabetic effects of polysaccharides from Talinum triangulare in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic male mice.

The present study evaluated the anti-diabetic effects of the polysaccharides obtained from Talinum triangulare (TTP). Two TTP doses (150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg · bw/d) were administered orally to normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic male Kunming mice, respectively. The TTP hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects were evaluated by testing the fast blood glucose (FBG) level, fasting serum insulin (FINS), and serum lipids (TC, TG, HDL, LDL) as well as the body, hepar and kidney weights.

Corn peptides protect against thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.

Certain bioactive peptides are reported to be able to alleviate hepatic fibrosis. Our previous work has confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of corn peptides (CPs) that are prepared from a high protein by-product, corn gluten meal, on acute liver injury in an animal model. However, the antifibrotic activity of CPs remained to be elucidated.

Apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells induced by corn peptides and its anti-tumor efficacy in H22 tumor bearing mice.

This study was aimed at evaluating the anti-tumor mechanism of corn peptides (CPs). In vitro, the results showed that CPs significantly inhibited cell viability in both a dose- and a time-dependent manner. CPs treatment induced S cell-cycle arrest and caused apoptotic death in HepG2 cells.

The Effects of Velvet Antler of Deer on Cardiac Functions of Rats with Heart Failure following Myocardial Infarction.

Velvet antler of deer (VAD) is a commonly-used kidney-Yang supplementing traditional Chinese medication. According to the heart-kidney-related theory, heart Yang originates in kidney Yang and heart failure due to heart Yang deficiency can be treated by tonifying kidney Yang. In this study, we investigated therapeutic effects of VAD on cardiac functions in rats with heart failure following myocardial infarction.

[Analyzing the Chinese medicine pathogenesis of stroke].

Both ischemic and hemorrhage stroke pertain to the category of wind stroke in Chinese medicine (CM). Up to date, it is deemed that the etiology and pathogenesis of wind stroke are wind, fire, sputum, qi, stasis, and deficiency. Among them, it is regarded that wind and fire are the key factors triggering wind stroke.

Lipopolysaccharide initiates a bypass feedback loop of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling by HPS70-induced COX-2 in H22 hepatocarcinoma cells.

LPS can induce TACE upregulation via signaling from TLR4-derived EGFR activation in tumor cells. The regulation and activity of TACE have been investigated with the observation that gene expression is upregulated in response to LPS followed by EGFR activation, however, the process remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of LPS on H22 hepatocarcinoma cells that displayed constitutively active TLR4 expression.