Qualitative Research of Violent Incidents Toward Young Paramedics in the Czech Republic.

Introduction: Prehospital and emergency medical services (EMS) providers are usually the first to respond to an individual's urgent health needs, sometimes in emotionally charged circumstances. Because violence toward EMS providers in the Czech Republic is often overlooked and under-reported, we do not have a complete understanding of the extent of such violence, nor do we have recommendations from EMS professional organizations on how to resolve this problem in prehospital emergency medicine.

Methods: We conducted this study to explore the process of violence against EMS providers, using the Strauss/Corbin systematic approach of grounded theory to create a paradigm model.

Monoclonal antibody to human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line MOLM-7 specifically reacts with an antigen of apoptotic cells.

Monoclonal antibody 2E12 was prepared by immunization of mice with fresh cells of chronic myeloid leukemia cell line MOLM-7. A panel of 15 leukemic cell lines (myeloid, promyelocytic, erythroid, B and T lymphoid) and numerous cultured patient's leukemia and myeloma cells were tested for reactivity with 2E12 antibody. A subset of cells in all cell lines and various number of patient's cells cultivated for 10 days or more were 2E12 positive.